Silikomu na ogisijeni ni byo bintu bibiri bikwirakwizwa cyane mu mfuruka y'Isi. Uretse gukora SiO2, binahuza bigatuma habaho imyunyu ngugu ya silikomu iboneka cyane mu mfuruka. Hari imyunyu ngugu ya silikomu irenga 800 izwi, igizwe na kimwe cya gatatu cy'ubwoko bwose bw'imyunyungugu buzwi. Byose hamwe, bigize hafi 85% by'uburemere bw'isi n'ubutare bwa lithosphere. Iyi myunyungugu si yo igize amabuye y'ingenzi, sedimentary, na metamorphic gusa ahubwo inakora nk'isoko ry'amabuye menshi y'icyuma atari icyuma kandi adakunze kuboneka. Ingero zirimo quartz, feldspar, kaolinite, illite, bentonite, talc, mica, asbestos, wollastonite, pyroxene, amphibole, kyanite, garnet, zircon, diatomite, serpentine, peridotite, andalusite, biotite, na muscovite.
1. Feldspar
◆Imiterere y'umubiri: Feldspar ni amabuye y'agaciro akwirakwizwa cyane ku Isi. Feldspar ikunzwe na potasiyumu yitwa potasiyumu feldspar. Orthoclase, microcline, na albite ni ingero z'amabuye y'agaciro ya potasiyumu feldspar. Feldspar igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka mu binyabutabire kandi irwanya aside, muri rusange bigora kubora. Ubukomere buri hagati ya 5.5 na 6.5, ubucucike buri hagati ya 2.55 na 2.75, naho ubushyuhe bushonge buri hagati ya 1185 na 1490°C. Bikunze kubaho kuri quartz, muscovite, biotite, sillimanite, garnet, hamwe n'ingano nto ya magnetite, ilmenite, na tantalite.
◆Ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa mu gushonga ibirahuri, ibikoresho fatizo bya ceramic, glaze za ceramic, ibikoresho fatizo bya enamel, ifumbire ya potasiyumu, ndetse n'amabuye y'imitako n'amabuye y'agaciro gake.
◆Uburyo bwo guhitamo: Gutoragura n'intoki, gutandukanya magnetic, guhindagurika kw'amazi.
◆Intangiriro n'Ibyabayeho: Biboneka mu mabuye ya gneiss cyangwa gneissic metamorphic; imitsi imwe iboneka mu mabuye ya granite cyangwa mafic cyangwa ahantu hahurira. Ikunze kwibanda cyane mu massifs ya pegmatitic feldspar cyangwa pegmatites imwe itandukanye.
2. Kaolinite
◆Imiterere y'umubiri: Kaolinite nziza ni umweru ariko akenshi irangi ryoroheje ritukura, umuhondo, ubururu, icyatsi kibisi, cyangwa imvi bitewe n'umwanda. Ifite ubucucike buri hagati ya 2.61 na 2.68 n'ubukomere buri hagati ya 2 na 3. Kaolinite ikoreshwa mu gukora ibumba rikoreshwa buri munsi n'iry'inganda, ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, gukora impapuro, kubaka, gusiga, kawurute, pulasitiki, imyenda, ndetse no nk'ibara ry'umweru.
◆Ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa mu gukora ibumba rikoreshwa buri munsi n’iry’inganda, ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, gukora impapuro, ubwubatsi, gusiga irangi, rabha, pulasitiki, imyenda, ndetse no mu gukora ibara ry’umweru.
◆Uburyo bwo guhitamo: Gutandukanya amashanyarazi yumye n'atose, gutandukanya imbaraga rukuruzi, gutandukanya calcium, gutandukanya bleach hakoreshejwe imiti.
◆Intangiriro n'Ibyabayeho: Byakozwe ahanini mu mabuye akungahaye kuri silica-alumina n'amabuye ya metamorphic, ahinduka bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere cyangwa gusimbuza ubushyuhe buke bw'amazi.
3. Mika
◆Imiterere y'umubiri: Mica akenshi iba umweru, ifite amabara y'umuhondo woroshye, icyatsi kibisi cyoroshye, cyangwa imvi yoroshye. Ifite ishusho isa n'ikirahure, isa n'amasaro ku buso bucitsemo ibice, kandi ifite impapuro zoroshye ariko zidakonjesha. Ubukomere buri hagati ya 1 na 2 n'ubucucike buri hagati ya 2.65 na 2.90. Mica ikoresha ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe, ibumba, porcelain y'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo mu bwoko bwa crucible, fiberglass, rubber, gukora impapuro, amarangi, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, pulasitiki, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'inyongera mu gushushanya ubugeni.
◆Ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa mu bikoresho birwanya ubukonje, ibumba, porcelain y'amashanyarazi, ibicanwa, fiberglass, rubber, gukora impapuro, irangi, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, pulasitiki, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'inyongera mu gushushanya ubugeni bwiza.
◆Uburyo bwo guhitamo: Gutoranya intoki, gutandukanya amashanyarazi, gutandukanya amashanyarazi.
◆Intangiriro n'Ibyabayeho: Biterwa ahanini no guhindura amabuye y'ibirunga n'ibirunga bikomoka ku bushyuhe bw'amazi, biboneka no mu dusimba twinshi twa kristale turimo aluminiyumu ndetse n'imitsi imwe n'imwe ya quartz ikoresha ubushyuhe buke.
4. Imvugo
◆Imiterere y'umubiri: Talc nziza nta ibara ifite ariko ikunze kugaragara nk'umuhondo, icyatsi kibisi, umukara cyangwa umutuku bitewe n'umwanda. Ifite ubwiza nk'ikirahure n'ubukana bwa 1 ku gipimo cya Mohs. Talc ikoreshwa cyane nk'inyunganiramirire mu nganda zikora impapuro n'amakara ndetse no mu nganda zitunganya imyenda. Ikoreshwa kandi mu bumba, amarangi, amabara, pulasitiki, n'amavuta yo kwisiga.
◆Ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa nk'icyuzuzo mu nganda zikora impapuro n'imashini zikora kawunga, nk'umusemburo wo kwera mu nganda z'imyenda, no mu bibumbano, amarangi, amabara, pulasitiki n'amavuta yo kwisiga.
◆Uburyo bwo guhitamo: Gutoragura n'intoki, gutandukanya amashanyarazi, gutandukanya amashanyarazi, gutondekanya imiterere y'amatara, gukurura ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga, gukurura ibintu mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga.
◆Intangiriro n'Ibyabayeho: Bishingiye ahanini ku guhinduka kw'amazi n'impinduka mu bushyuhe, akenshi bifitanye isano na magnesite, serpentine, dolomite, na talc schist.
5. Moscovite
◆Imiterere y'umubiri: Muscovite ni ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya mica, akunze kugaragara mu mweru, imvi, umuhondo, icyatsi kibisi, cyangwa umukara. Ifite ubwiza bw'ikirahure hamwe n'ubusa n'amasaro ku buso bucitsemo ibice. Muscovite ikoreshwa mu kuzimya umuriro, inkoni zo gusudira, plastiki, amashanyarazi akingira, gukora impapuro, impapuro za asphalt, rabara, amarangi y'amasaro, plastiki, amarangi, na rabara nk'ibikoresho byuzuza.
◆Ikoreshwa: Ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro, inkoni zo gusudira, plastiki, amashanyarazi akingira, gukora impapuro, impapuro za asphalt, rabber, amarangi y'amasaro, plastiki, amarangi, na rabber nk'ibikoresho bikora neza.
◆Uburyo bwo guhitamo: Kureremba, guhitamo umuyaga, guhitamo intoki, gukuraho, guhitamo gukururana, gusya neza, gusya neza cyane, guhindura ubuso.
◆Intangiriro n'Ibyabayeho: Mbere na mbere umusaruro w'ibikorwa bya magmatic na pegmatitic, bikunze kuboneka muri granite pegmatites na mica schists, bikunze kujyana na quartz, feldspar, n'imyunyungugu idasanzwe ya radiation.
Gukomeza ubuhinduzi:
6. Sodalite
Sodalite ni ubwoko bwa kristu ya triclinic, ubusanzwe ifite utubumbe duto duto dufite imirongo ingana ku buso bwa kristu. Ifite ubwiza bwa vitreous, kandi aho yacitse hagaragaza ubwiza bw'ikirahure kugeza ku bw'amabara. Amabara atandukanye kuva ku mucyo kugeza ku bururu bwijimye, icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, imvi, umukara, nta ibara, cyangwa umweru w'ikijuju. Ubukomere buri hagati ya 5.5 na 7.0, bufite uburemere bwihariye hagati ya 3.53 na 3.65. Imyunyu ngugu y'ingenzi ni sodalite n'ingano nto ya silica, hamwe n'imyunyu ngugu nka quartz, mica y'umukara, mica y'izahabu, na chlorite.
Sodalite ni umusaruro w’umwimerere uboneka mu mabuye y’agaciro aboneka mu mabuye y’agaciro aboneka mu mabuye y’agaciro. Abakora ibihangano bizwi ku isi barimo Ubusuwisi, Otirishiya n’ibindi bihugu. Iyo bishyushye kugeza kuri 1300°C, sodalite ihinduka mullite, ibikoresho byo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma bitanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, imiyoboro y'amavuta, n'ibindi bikoresho bya ceramic bigabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi. Aluminiyumu ishobora kandi gukurwamo. Amabuye meza abonerana ashobora gukoreshwa nk'amabuye y'agaciro, ubururu bwimbitse bukaba ari bwo bukunzwe cyane. Carolina y'Amajyaruguru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ikora sodalite y'ubururu bwimbitse n'icyatsi kibisi.
7.Garnet
◆Imiterere ifatika
Ubusanzwe umukara, umuhondo, umutuku, icyatsi kibisi, nibindi; ibonerana kugeza ku mucyo; irabagirana mu maso, ivunika hamwe n'irabagirana ry'umutuku; nta gucikamo kabiri; ubukana 5.6 ~ 7.5; ubucucike 3.5 ~ 4.2.
◆Porogaramu
Ubukana bwinshi bwa Garnet butuma ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byo gukurura; kristu nini zifite amabara meza kandi zibonerana zishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'amabuye y'agaciro.
◆Uburyo bwo gutandukanya
Gutondekanya intoki, gutandukanya magnetic.
◆Intangiriro n'ibyabayeho
Garnet ikwirakwizwa cyane mu buryo butandukanye bwa geologiya, ikora ubwoko butandukanye bwa garnet bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwa geologiya; uruhererekane rwa garnet ya kalisiyumu-aluminiyamu rukorerwa ahanini mu mabuye ashyushye, alkaline, na pegmatites zimwe na zimwe; uruhererekane rwa garnet ya manyeziyumu-aluminiyamu rukorerwa ahanini mu mabuye ya igneous n'amabuye ya metamorphic yo mu karere, gneisses, n'amabuye y'ibirunga.
8.Biotite
◆Imiterere ifatika
Biotite iboneka cyane cyane mu mabuye ya metamorphic no mu yandi mabuye nka granite. Ibara rya biotite riva ku mukara kugeza ku mukara, umutuku, cyangwa icyatsi kibisi. Ifite ubwiza bwa vitreous, kristu zikora neza, ubukana buke kuruta umusumari, byoroshye gukatamo ibice, kandi ifite ishusho nk'iya plate cyangwa inkingi.
◆Porogaramu
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi mu kurinda inkongi, gukora impapuro, impapuro za asphalt, plastiki, kabure, ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro, inkoni zo gusudira, imitako, amabara y'amasaro, n'izindi nganda zikora imiti. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, biotite nayo yakoreshejwe cyane mu gushushanya nk'irangi nyaryo ry'amabuye.
◆Uburyo bwo gutandukanya
Kureremba, guhitamo umuyaga, guhitamo intoki, gukuraho, guhitamo gukururana, gusya neza, gusya neza cyane, guhindura ubuso.
9.Muscovite
◆Imiterere ifatika
Muscovite ni ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya mica mu itsinda rya mica yera, silicate ya aluminiyumu, icyuma na potasiyumu. Muscovite ifite muscovite yijimye (amabara atandukanye y'umukara cyangwa icyatsi kibisi, nibindi) na muscovite y'amabara yoroheje (amabara atandukanye y'umuhondo woroshye). Muscovite y'amabara yoroheje irabonerana kandi ifite umucyo wa vitreous; muscovite y'amabara y'umukara irabonerana gato. Irabagirana kuva kuri vitreal kugeza kuri submetallic, ubuso bucitsemo ibice bufite umucyo wa pearly. Impapuro nto ni elastic, ubukana bwa 2 ~ 3, uburemere bwihariye bwa 2.70 ~ 2.85, ntibutwara amazi.
◆Porogaramu
Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, mu nganda zishinzwe kuzimya inkongi, mu zikoresha kuzimya inkongi, mu nkoni zisudira, mu pulasitiki, mu byuma bikingira amashanyarazi, mu gukora impapuro, mu mpapuro za asphalt, mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma by'amasaro, no mu zindi nganda zikora imiti. Ifu ya mica nziza cyane ikoreshwa nk'iyuzuza imikorere ya pulasitiki, mu gusiga amarangi, mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma bisukura no mu byuma birwanya ingese.
Mu nganda, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bijyanye no gukingira no kurwanya ubushyuhe, ndetse no kurwanya aside, alkali, ubushobozi bwo gukanda no gukuraho, ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gukingira ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi; icya kabiri ikoreshwa mu gukora amamashini ashyushya umwuka, amadirishya y'amatanura ashongeshwa, n'ibice bya mekanike.
◆Uburyo bwo gutandukanya
Kureremba, guhitamo umuyaga, guhitamo intoki, gukuraho, guhitamo gukururana, gusya neza, gusya neza cyane, guhindura ubuso.
10.Olivine
◆Imiterere ifatika
Icyatsi kibisi cya elayo, umuhondo-icyatsi kibisi, imvi-icyatsi cyoroshye, icyatsi-umukara. Umucyo wa vitreous, kuvunika nk'igikonoshwa bisanzwe; ubukana 6.5~7.0, ubucucike 3.27~4.37.
◆Porogaramu
Ikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora imvange ya manyeziyumu na fosifate, ikoreshwa mu gukora ifumbire ya fosifate ya calcium-magnesium; olivine ikungahaye kuri manyeziyumu ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe; olivine ibonerana kandi ifite imiterere ikomeye ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'amabuye y'agaciro.
◆Uburyo bwo gutandukanya
Guhitamo bundi bushya, gutandukanya magnetic.
◆Intangiriro n'ibyabayeho
Ahanini ikorwa n'ibikorwa bya magmatic, biba mu mabuye ya ultrabasic na basic, bifitanye isano na pyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, platine group mininers, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 31 Nyakanga-2024