Imiterere ya chromium
Chromium, ikimenyetso cyibintu Cr, atomike numero 24, ugereranije na atome ya misa 51.996, ni iyinzibacyuho yicyuma cyitsinda rya VIB kumeza yibintu bya chimique.Icyuma cya Chromium ni umubiri ushingiye ku mubiri, ifeza-yera, ubucucike 7.1g / cm³, gushonga 1860 ℃, aho gutekera 2680 ℃, ubushyuhe bwihariye kuri 25 ℃ 23.35J / (mol · K), ubushyuhe bwo guhumeka 342.1kJ / mol, ubushyuhe bwumuriro 91.3 W / (m · K) (0-100 ° C), kurwanya (20 ° C) 13.2uΩ · cm, hamwe nubukanishi bwiza.
Hano hari indangagaciro eshanu za chromium: +2, +3, +4, +5 na +6.Mubihe byimikorere ya endogenous, chromium muri rusange +3 valence.Imvange hamwe na chromium trivalent nimwe ihamye cyane.+ Ibintu bitandatu bya chromium, harimo umunyu wa chromium, bifite imbaraga za okiside.Iradiyo ya ionic ya Cr3 +, AI3 + na Fe3 + irasa, kuburyo ishobora kugira ibintu byinshi bisa.Mubyongeyeho, ibintu bishobora gusimburwa na chromium ni manganese, magnesium, nikel, cobalt, zinc, nibindi, chromium rero ikwirakwizwa cyane mumabuye ya magnesium fer silike namabuye y'agaciro.
Gusaba
Chromium ni kimwe mu byuma bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zigezweho.Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nibyuma bitandukanye bivanze muburyo bwa ferroalloys (nka ferrochrome).Chromium ifite ibiranga ibintu bikomeye, birinda kwambara, birwanya ubushyuhe kandi birwanya ruswa.Ubutare bwa Chrome bukoreshwa cyane mubyuma, ibikoresho bivunika, inganda zikora inganda ninganda.
Mu nganda zibyuma, ubutare bwa chromium bukoreshwa cyane mu gushonga ferrochrome na chromium metallic.Chromium ikoreshwa nk'inyongeramusaruro kugirango itange imbaraga zinyuranye zifite imbaraga nyinshi, zirwanya ruswa, zidashobora kwambara, ubushyuhe bwinshi, hamwe na okiside irwanya ibyuma bidasanzwe, nk'ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ibyuma birwanya aside, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, umupira utwara ibyuma, ibyuma byamasoko, ibyuma byibikoresho, nibindi Chromium irashobora kongera imiterere yubukanishi no kwambara birwanya ibyuma.Chromium yicyuma ikoreshwa cyane mugushonga amavuta yihariye hamwe na cobalt, nikel, tungsten nibindi bintu.Isahani ya Chrome hamwe na chromizing birashobora gukora ibyuma, umuringa, aluminium nibindi byuma bikora ubuso bwihanganira ruswa, bikaba byiza kandi byiza.
Mu nganda zikora inganda, ubutare bwa chromium nigikoresho cyingenzi cyo kuvunika gikoreshwa mugukora amatafari ya chrome, amatafari ya chrome magnesia, inganda ziteye imbere nibindi bikoresho bidasanzwe (chrome beto).Inganda zishingiye kuri Chromium zirimo amatafari hamwe nubutare bwa chrome na magnesia, clinker ya magnesia-chrome, amatafari ya magnesia-chrome, yashongeshejwe, hasi neza hanyuma ahuza amatafari ya magnesia-chrome.Zikoreshwa cyane mumatanura yumuriro, itanura rya induction, nibindi.
Mu nganda zashingiweho, ubutare bwa chromium ntibushobora gukorana nibindi bikoresho mubyuma bishongeshejwe mugihe cyo gusuka, bifite coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, birwanya ibyuma byinjira, kandi bifite imikorere ikonje kuruta zircon.Ubucukuzi bwa Chrome bwububiko bufite ibyangombwa bisabwa muburyo bwa chimique no gukwirakwiza ingano.
Mu nganda zikora imiti, gukoresha chromium mu buryo butaziguye ni ugukora sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7 · H2O), hanyuma ugategura ibindi bintu bya chromium kugirango bikoreshwe mu nganda nka pigment, imyenda, amashanyarazi, no gukora uruhu, ndetse na catalizator .
Ifu ya chromium yubutaka bwiza ni ibintu bisanzwe bibara amabara mugukora ibirahuri, ububumbyi hamwe namatafari.Iyo sodium dichromate ikoreshwa mu kwangiza uruhu, poroteyine (kolagen) na karubone ya hydrata mu ruhu rwambere bifata ibintu bya chimique bikora ibintu bihamye, biba ishingiro ryibicuruzwa byuruhu.Mu nganda z’imyenda, sodium dichromate ikoreshwa nka mordant mugusiga irangi, rishobora guhuza molekile irangi kubintu kama;irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka okiside mugukora amarangi nabahuza.
Amabuye y'agaciro ya Chromium
Hariho ubwoko burenga 50 bwa chromium irimo imyunyu ngugu yavumbuwe muri kamere, ariko inyinshi murizo zifite chromium nkeya kandi ikwirakwizwa, ifite agaciro gake mukoresha inganda.Iyi minerval irimo chromium ni iyitwa oxyde, chromates na silicates, hiyongereyeho hydroxide nkeya, iyode, nitide na sulfide.Muri byo, chromium nitride na chromium sulfide minerval iboneka gusa muri meteorite.
Nkubwoko bwimyunyu ngugu ya chromium ubutare, chromite niyo minerval yingirakamaro yinganda za chromium.Imiti ya chimique ni (MgFe) Cr2O4, aho Cr2O3 irimo 68%, naho FeO ikagira 32%.Mubigize imiti, cation trival ni Cr3 +, kandi akenshi hariho Al3 +, Fe3 + na Mg2 +, Fe2 + isomorphic.Muri chromite yakozwe mubyukuri, igice cya Fe2 + gikunze gusimburwa na Mg2 +, naho Cr3 + igasimburwa na Al3 + na Fe3 + kurwego rutandukanye.Urwego rwuzuye rwo gusimbuza isomorphic mubice bitandukanye bya chromite ntabwo bihuye.Ihuriro ryibice bine ni magnesium nicyuma, hamwe no gusimbuza isomorphic byuzuye hagati ya magnesium-fer.Ukurikije uburyo bune bwo kugabana, chromite irashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda ane: magnesium chromite, chromite fer-magnesium, chromite ya mafic-fer na chromite.Mubyongeyeho, chromite ikunze kubamo manganese nkeya, Uruvange rwa titanium, vanadium na zinc.Imiterere ya chromite ni ubwoko busanzwe bwa spinel.
4. Ubuziranenge bwa chromium yibanze
Ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya (minervaliza nubutare karemano), ubutare bwa chromium ya metallurgie bugabanijwe mubwoko bubiri: kwibanda (G) hamwe nubutare (K).Reba imbonerahamwe ikurikira.
Ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwa chromite ya metallurgie
Ikoranabuhanga rya Chrome ore
1) Kongera gutorwa
Kugeza ubu, itandukaniro rya rukuruzi rifite umwanya wingenzi mu nyungu za chromium.Uburyo bwo gutandukanya imbaraga za rukuruzi, bukoresha uburyo bworoshye mu mazi yo mu mazi nk'imyitwarire y'ibanze, buracyari uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutunganya ubutare bwa chromium ku isi.Ibikoresho byo gutandukanya imbaraga za rukuruzi ni chute izenguruka hamwe na centrifugal concentrated, kandi ingano yo gutunganya ingano yagutse.Mubisanzwe, itandukaniro ryubucucike hagati yimyunyu ngugu ya chromium nubutare bwa gangue burenze 0.8g / cm3, kandi gutandukanya uburemere bwingingo zose zirenga 100um birashobora gushimisha.ibisubizo bya.Amabuye manini (100 ~ 0.5mm) yatondekanijwe cyangwa yabanje gutoranywa ninyungu ziciriritse, nuburyo bwo kugirira akamaro cyane.
2) Gutandukana kwa rukuruzi
Gutandukanya Magnetique nuburyo bwo kugirira akamaro kumenya gutandukanya imyunyu ngugu mu murima wa magneti udahuje ukurikije itandukaniro rya rukuruzi ya minerval mu bucukuzi.Chromite ifite imbaraga za magnetique kandi irashobora gutandukanywa nimpeta ihagaritse ya gradient itandukanya, itandukanya plaque ya magnetiki nibindi bikoresho.Coefficient ya magnetique yihariye ya minisiteri ya chromium ikorerwa mumabuye atandukanye ya chromium ikora ahantu hatandukanye cyane, kandi irasa na coefficient yihariye ya magnetique ya wolframite na wolframite ikorerwa mubice bitandukanye.
Hariho ibintu bibiri mugukoresha magnetiki yo gutandukanya kugirango ubone chromium yo murwego rwohejuru: imwe ni ugukuraho imyunyu ngugu ikomeye ya magnetique (cyane cyane magnetite) mumabuye munsi yumurima wa magneti kugirango wongere igipimo cya ferrochrome, naho ubundi ni ugukoresha a imbaraga za rukuruzi.Gutandukanya amabuye y'agaciro ya gangue no kugarura ubutare bwa chromium (minerval magnetique).
3) Guhitamo amashanyarazi
Gutandukanya amashanyarazi nuburyo bwo gutandukanya ubutare bwa chromium na silikate ya gangue minerval ukoresheje ibintu byamashanyarazi byamabuye y'agaciro, nkibitandukanya mumashanyarazi na dielectric ihoraho.
4) Flotation
Muburyo bwo gutandukanya imbaraga za rukuruzi, ubutare bwiza (-100um) ubutare bwa chromite burajugunywa nkumurizo, ariko chromite yubunini iracyafite agaciro gakomeye ko gukoresha, kuburyo uburyo bwa flotation bushobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwiza bwa Granular chromite. yagaruwe.Ihinduranya ryamabuye ya chromium hamwe na 20% ~ 40% Cr2O3 mumirizo hamwe ninzoka, olivine, rutile na calcium magnesium karubone minerval nkamabuye y'agaciro ya gangue.Amabuye yubutaka neza kugeza kuri 200 mm, ikirahuri cyamazi, fosifate, metafosifike, fluorosilike, nibindi bikoreshwa mukwirakwiza no kubuza umwanda, kandi aside irike idahagije ikoreshwa nkikusanya.Gutatanya no guhagarika agatsiko ka gangue ningirakamaro cyane mubikorwa bya flotation.Iyoni z'icyuma nk'icyuma na gurş birashobora gukora chromite.Iyo pH agaciro ka slurry iri munsi ya 6, chromite ntishobora kureremba.Muri make, flotation reagent ikoreshwa ni nini, urwego rwibanze ntiruhinduka, kandi igipimo cyo gukira ni gito.Ca2 + na Mg2 + zasheshwe mumabuye y'agaciro ya gangue bigabanya guhitamo inzira ya flotation.
5) Kunguka imiti
Uburyo bwa chimique ni ukuvura mu buryo butaziguye ubutare bwa chromite budashobora gutandukanywa nuburyo bwumubiri cyangwa ikiguzi cyumubiri ni kinini.Ikigereranyo cya Cr / Fe yibintu byakozwe muburyo bwa chimique birenze ibyo muburyo busanzwe bwumubiri.Uburyo bwa chimique burimo: gutoranya guhitamo, kugabanya okiside, gutandukanya gushonga, aside sulfurike na acide ya chromic, kugabanuka no kugabanya aside aside, nibindi. inzira muri chromite yunguka uyumunsi.Uburyo bwa chimique burashobora gukuramo chromium mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro hanyuma ikabyara chromium karbide na oxyde ya chromium.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-30-2021