Igeragezwa ry'ibintu bisanzwe mu mabuye y'icyuma

Igeragezwa ry'ibintu bisanzwe mu mabuye y'icyuma

Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ubukungu n’iterambere rihoraho ry’imibereho myiza, ibikoresho by’icyuma byabaye umutungo w’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’igihugu. Gushongesha ibikoresho by’icyuma mu nganda z’icyuma ni cyo gice cy’ingenzi cyo gukoresha neza ibikoresho. Ibintu byose mu buzima bw’abantu bisaba kwitabwaho ku bikoresho by’ubwubatsi n’ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bikora. Iterambere ry’inganda zitandukanye mu gihugu cyacu, nko gutwara abantu n’ibintu, amashanyarazi n’izindi nganda nyinshi, ririmo kwita ku bikoresho by’icyuma. Bitewe n’iterambere rihoraho ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyacu, icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho by’icyuma ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu gikomeje kwiyongera. Ariko, ingano y’ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu byuma yarenze ingano y’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’igihugu muri porogaramu. Kubwibyo, mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga, igiciro cy’amabuye y’agaciro Gushaka amabuye y’agaciro atandukanye byabaye ihuriro rikomeye cyane. Kubwibyo, gukoresha uburyo bwihuse kandi bwizewe bwo kugenzura amabuye y’agaciro ni intego rusange ku bakozi bagenzura amabuye y’agaciro.

Uko ibintu bisanzwe mu byuma bipimwa ubu mu gihugu cyanjye

Laboratwari zisanzwe zipima amabuye y'agaciro mu gihugu cyanjye zikoresha uburyo bwo kugabanya titaniyumu trichloride kugira ngo zimenye ingano y'icyuma kiri mu mabuye y'agaciro. Ubu buryo bwo kuvumbura bwitwa uburyo bwa chimique. Ubu buryo bwa chimique ntibugaragaza gusa ibintu biri mu mabuye y'agaciro, ahubwo bunakoresha spectroscopy ya fluorescence ya X-ray dispersive kugira ngo bumenye ingano ya silikoni, kalisiyumu, manganese n'ibindi bintu biri mu mabuye y'agaciro. Uburyo bwo kuvumbura ibintu byinshi bwitwa X-ray fluorescence spectrometry detection method. Mu gihe cyo kuvumbura ibintu bitandukanye biri mu mabuye y'agaciro, ingano y'icyuma yuzuye ishobora no kumenyekana. Akamaro kabyo ni uko muri buri gupima, hazaboneka amakuru abiri y'icyuma, kandi amakuru abiri atandukanye cyane mu gaciro k'amakuru. Ni make, ariko hari n'itandukaniro rito ritandukanye cyane. Uburyo bwo gupima bukoreshwa muri laboratwari bugomba guhitamo hakurikijwe ingano y'amabuye y'agaciro atandukanye, kuko igihugu cyanjye gikoresha uburyo bwa chimique nk'uburyo busanzwe, kandi bugira uruhare runini. Impamvu ikomeye ni uko guhitamo gushingiye ku miterere y'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihugu cyanjye. Uburyo bwo kugenzura butoranywa hakurikijwe imiterere itandukanye y’amabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo bube bufite ishingiro kandi bwa siyansi. Ikwirakwizwa ry’amabuye y’agaciro mu Bushinwa riratandukanye cyane kandi ahantu ho kubika ni hato. Ubwiza ntibuhindagurika ahantu hatandukanye. Hari itandukaniro rinini n’aho hanze. Amabuye y’agaciro yo mu mahanga akwirakwizwa cyane, afite ahantu hanini ho kubika, kandi afite ubwiza buhamye ugereranije n’igihugu cyacu.

Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje ry’ubukungu bwacu, iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya laboratwari zo gupima no kwagura serivisi zabo zo kwamamaza byongereye cyane ingano y’ibikorwa byo gupima muri laboratwari, ku buryo bifite amikoro ahagije yo gukora ibizamini. Laboratwari zo mu gihugu cyacu zigomba gupima byinshi. Ibihumbi by’ubucuruzi byongewe ku makuru yo gupima. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bukomeje bw’ibintu by’icyuma mu gihugu cyacu, ingero zigomba kumyuka mu gihe cyo gupima imiti. Buri gikorwa cyo kumisha gisaba gukoreshwa n’intoki. Mu gihe cyose, ku ruhande rumwe, imirimo Abakozi biyemeje rwose kunoza buri sano. Ibi nibibaho igihe kirekire, umubiri w’abakozi ntuzaruhuka neza kandi uzaba uri mu mimerere yo kuremererwa cyane, bishobora gutuma akazi kagabanuka. Mu bijyanye no kubimenya, birashoboka cyane ko hazabaho ibibazo bimwe na bimwe rimwe na rimwe. Ku rundi ruhande, mu gihe cyo gukora, ikoreshwa ry’amazi, amashanyarazi n’ikoreshwa rya bimwe mu binyabutabire byagize ingaruka zikomeye kandi byangiza ibidukikije mu rugero runaka. Muri icyo gihe, imyuka ihumanya n’amazi mabi ntibishobora kuvurwa neza. Bityo rero, ni ngombwa cyane kunoza imikorere yo gupima kugira ngo amakuru yo gupima abe meza kurushaho. Laboratwari zo mu gihugu cyacu zimaze imyaka myinshi zipima amabuye y'agaciro, kandi zifite ubunararibonye bwinshi mu gupima ndetse n'amakuru menshi yo gupima. Aya makuru ashingiye ku buryo bwa chimique na X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Dusesenguye aya makuru, dushobora kubona X-ray fluorescence. Spectroscopy ni uburyo bushya bushobora gusimbura uburyo bwa chimique. Akamaro kabyo ni uko bushobora kuzigama abakozi benshi n'umutungo w'imari no kugabanya ihumana ry'ibidukikije.

01

Uburyo bwo kugenzura bwa X-fluorescence n'intambwe zo kugenzura

Ihame rya X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ni ukubanza gukoresha anhydrous lithium tetraborate nk'umuyoboro w'amazi, lithium nitrate nk'umuyoboro w'amazi, na potasiyumu bromide nk'umuyoboro w'amazi kugira ngo hategurwe igice cy'icyitegererezo, hanyuma hagapimwa agaciro k'ubukana bwa X-ray fluorescence spectrum mu gice cy'icyuma kugira ngo bibe. Habaho isano iri hagati y'ibikubiye mu gice cy'icyuma. Kubara ibikubiye mu cyuma mu mabuye y'agaciro.

Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu igerageza rya X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy ni amazi yaciwe, aside hydrochloric, lithium tetraborate ya anhydrous, lithium nitrate, potasiyumu bromide na gaze. Igikoresho cyakoreshejwe ni X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.

Intambwe z'ingenzi zo kumenya fluorescence ya X-ray:

■ Lithium tetraborate ikoreshwa nk'umuyoboro w'amazi, lithium karubone ikoreshwa nk'umuyoboro w'amazi, naho potasiyumu bromide ikoreshwa nk'umuyoboro w'amazi. Hari imiti myinshi ivangwa kugira ngo itange igisubizo cyuzuye.

■ Mbere yo gupima icyuma, ingero z'icyuma zigomba gupimwa, gushongeshwa no gucukurwa kugira ngo hakorwe ibice bisanzwe by'igerageza.

■ Nyuma y'uko icyitegererezo cy'amabuye y'agaciro giteguwe, gisesengurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.

■ Kugira ngo utunganye amakuru yakozwe, muri rusange fata igice cy’icyitegererezo gisanzwe hanyuma ushyire igice cy’icyitegererezo kuri spectrometer ya X-ray fluorescence. Subiramo ikizamini inshuro nyinshi, hanyuma wandike amakuru. Gukora icyitegererezo gisanzwe bikoresha ingano runaka ya lithium tetraborate, lithium nitrate, na potasiyumu bromide.

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Amahame yo gupima imiti n'uburyo bwo gupima

Ihame ryo gupima imiti ni uko icyitegererezo gisanzwe gihinduka aside cyangwa aside, naho icyuma kigabanurwa burundu hakoreshejwe stannous chloride. Igice gito cya nyuma cy'icyuma gisigaye kigabanurwa hakoreshejwe titanium trichloride. Igice gisigaye gishyirwamo ogisijeni yuzuye hakoreshejwe potassium dichromate hanyuma icyuma kigabanurwa gishyirwamo titration. Amaherezo, hakoreshwa potassium dichromate ikoreshwa n'icyitegererezo gisanzwe. Kubara icyuma cyose kiri mu cyitegererezo.

Ibintu bikoreshwa mu gupima ni ibi bikurikira: ibinini, aside hydrochloric, aside sulfuric, aside phosphoric, aside boric, aside hydrofluoric, potasiyumu pyrosulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium peroxide, nibindi. Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho: Corundum crucible, platine crucible, burette, kuringaniza, nibindi.

Intambwe z'ingenzi zo gutahura imiti:

■ Koresha ibisubizo byinshi birimo umuti wa stannous chloride, titanium trichloride, n'umuti usanzwe wa potasiyumu dichromate kugira ngo bivange. Reka igisubizo gikomeze neza.

■ Koresha aside cyangwa alkali kugira ngo icyitegererezo gisanzwe kibore neza.

■ Shyira icyitegererezo gisanzwe cyangiritse ukoresheje umuti wa potasiyumu dichromate.

■ Kugira ngo hakorwe amakuru yakozwe, hagomba gutegurwa ibisubizo bibiri bisanzwe by'icyitegererezo n'igisubizo kimwe kitarimo ubusa mu gihe cy'igerageza.

Umwanzuro

Mu bihugu byinshi, uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu gupima ibintu biri mu mabuye y'icyuma ni X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Gupima ubu buryo byibanda cyane ku isesengura ry'ihame ry'uburyo, no kunoza uburyo buriho kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima. Mu gihe cyo gukora isuzuma, muri rusange hakoreshwa uburyo buke cyane bwo gusuzuma uburyo bwo gupima. Kubera ko amabuye y'icyuma ari mu igerageza atandukanye cyane n'amabuye y'icyuma ari mu rugero rusanzwe mu bijyanye n'imiterere, imiterere y'imiti, n'ibindi, uburyo bwa X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ntabwo buvuga neza cyane mu igenzura. Ubuziranenge bugerwaho no gutondeka amakuru menshi yakusanyijwe mu gihe cyo gupima amabuye y'icyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa chimique na X-ray fluorescence spectrometry mu igerageza, hanyuma hagasesengurwa imibare, no kugereranya itandukaniro riri hagati y'uburyo bubiri bwo gupima binyuze mu isesengura. Kubona isano iri hagati y'ibi byombi bishobora kugabanya cyane abakozi n'amafaranga ashorwa mu igenzura. Bishobora kandi kugabanya cyane umwanda w'ibidukikije, bigatuma ubuzima bw'abantu burushaho kuba bwiza, kandi bikabyara inyungu nyinshi mu bukungu ku nganda z'icyuma zo mu gihugu cyanjye.

Shandong Hengbiao Inspection and Testing Co., Ltd.ni ikigo gipima gifite impamyabumenyi ebyiri za C kandi cyatsinze icyemezo cy’uko ibigo bigenzura n’ibipima bihabwa uburenganzira bwo gukora isuzuma n’igenzura ndetse n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubushinwa gishinzwe isuzuma ry’amategeko. Gifite abakozi 25 b’inzobere mu kugenzura no gupima, barimo injeniyeri 10 n’abatekinisiye ba laboratwari bafite impamyabumenyi z’ikirenga. Urubuga rwa serivisi rusange rutanga igenzura n’isuzuma ry’umwuga, ubujyanama mu ikoranabuhanga, uburezi n’amahugurwa hamwe n’izindi serivisi ku nganda zikora ibikoresho by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibyuma bifitanye isano n’uruhererekane rw’ibikoresho by’icyuma. Ikigo gikora kandi gitanga serivisi hakurikijwe (Kode yo Kwemeza Laboratwari zo Gupima no Gupima). Ikigo kigizwe n’icyumba cyo gusesengura imiti, icyumba cyo gusesengura ibikoresho, icyumba cyo gupima ibikoresho, icyumba cyo gupima imikorere y’umubiri, nibindi. Gifite ibikoresho birenga 100 by’ingenzi byo gupima n’ibikoresho bishyigikira nka X-ray fluorescence spectrometers, atomic absorption spectrometers na ICPs, carbone na sulfur analyzers, spectrophotometers, direct reading spectrometers, imashini zipima ingaruka, n’imashini zipima ku rwego rw’isi zose z’ikirango cy’Abanyamerika cya Thermo Fisher.

Urutonde rw'ibipimo birimo isesengura ry'ibintu bya shimi ku mabuye y'agaciro atari ay'icyuma (quartz, feldspar, kaolin, mica, fluorite, nibindi) n'amabuye y'agaciro (icyuma, manganese, chromium, titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, lead, zinc, zahabu, rare earth, nibindi). Isesengura ry'imiterere n'imiterere y'icyuma kitagira umugese, icyuma cya karuboni, umuringa, aluminiyumu n'ibindi bikoresho by'icyuma.

Iyi sosiyete ikurikiza amahame ya "imicungire ihamye, ubuhanga bushingiye ku mbuga, imikorere inoze, na serivisi z'umwuga", yibanda ku byo abakiriya n'umuryango bakeneye, ifata kunyurwa kw'abakiriya nk'intego ya serivisi, kandi ikurikiza filozofiya ya "ubutabera, ubuhanga, siyansi, n'imikorere myiza". Politiki ya serivisi, yiyemeje gutanga serivisi z'ikoranabuhanga zihamye kandi zinoze ku bakiriya bacu.