Mugihe cy "gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka 5", ukurikije gahunda yigihugu "karubone ya karubone na karubone idafite aho ibogamiye", inganda zifotora zizatera iterambere riturika.Intangiriro yinganda zifotora "zashizeho ubutunzi" murwego rwose rwinganda.Muri uru ruhererekane rutangaje, ikirahure cya Photovoltaque ni ihuriro ryingirakamaro.Muri iki gihe, dushyigikira kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, icyifuzo cy’ibirahure bifotora bigenda byiyongera umunsi ku munsi, kandi hari ubusumbane hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa.Muri icyo gihe, icyuma gito na ultra-cyera ya quartz umucanga, ibikoresho byingenzi byikirahure cyamafoto, nabyo byazamutse, kandi igiciro cyiyongereye kandi ibicuruzwa birabura.Inzobere mu nganda ziteganya ko umucanga muke wa quartz wumucanga uziyongera igihe kirekire hejuru ya 15% mumyaka irenga 10.Munsi yumuyaga mwinshi wamafoto, umusaruro wumucanga wa quartz wicyuma gike cyane.
1. Umusenyi wa Quartz kubirahuri bifotora
Ikirahuri cya Photovoltaque gikoreshwa mubisanzwe nkibikoresho byo gufotora, kandi birahuza neza nibidukikije.Kurwanya ikirere cyayo, imbaraga, itumanaho ryumucyo nibindi bipimo bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwamafoto yerekana amashanyarazi hamwe nigihe kirekire cyo gukora amashanyarazi.Iyoni zicyuma mumusenyi wa quartz ziroroshye gusiga irangi, kandi kugirango tumenye neza ko izuba ryinshi ryikirahure cyumwimerere, ibyuma byikirahure cya fotovoltaque biri munsi yibirahuri bisanzwe, hamwe numusenyi wa quartz wicyuma gike hamwe na silicon nyinshi. n'ibirimo umwanda muke bigomba gukoreshwa.
Kugeza ubu, hari umucanga muto wo mu rwego rwohejuru wo mu cyuma cya quartz byoroshye gucukura mu gihugu cyacu, kandi bikwirakwizwa cyane muri Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan n'ahandi.Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kwiyongera k'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bya ultra-cyera byometse ku mirasire y'izuba, umucanga wo mu bwoko bwa quartz wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ufite umusaruro muke uzaba umutungo muke.Gutanga umucanga wo mu rwego rwohejuru kandi uhamye wa quartz bizagabanya guhatanira amasosiyete akora ibirahure bifotora.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kugabanya neza ibirimo ibyuma, aluminium, titanium nibindi bintu byanduye mumucanga wa quartz no gutegura umusenyi wa quartz-yera cyane ni ingingo yubushakashatsi.
2. Gukora umucanga muke wa quartz umucanga kubirahuri bifotora
2.1 Kweza umucanga wa Quartz kubirahuri bya Photovoltaque
Kugeza ubu, uburyo busanzwe bwo kweza kwa quartz bukoreshwa muburyo bwinganda burimo gutondeka, gutondagura, kuzimya amazi-kubara, gusya, gushungura, gutandukanya rukuruzi, gutandukanya imbaraga, flotation, acide acide, kwanduza mikorobe, kwangirika kwinshi, nibindi, nibindi, nibindi, kweza byimbitse Mubikorwa birimo chlorine ikaranze, gutondekanya amabara akayangana, gutondekanya ibintu bya magnetique, ubushyuhe bukabije nubushyuhe nibindi.Igikorwa rusange cyo kugaburira umusenyi wa quartz yo murugo nacyo cyatejwe imbere kuva "gusya, gutandukanya magnetiki, gukaraba" kugeza "gutandukana → gukonjesha gukabije → kubara → kuzimya amazi → gusya → kwerekana → gutandukana kwa magneti → flotation → aside yo kwibiza → gukaraba → gukama, hamwe na microwave, ultrasonic nubundi buryo bwo kwitegura cyangwa kweza, bifasha cyane ingaruka zo kweza.Urebye ibyuma bike bikenerwa mubirahuri bifotora, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryuburyo bwo gukuraho umucanga wa quartz.
Mubisanzwe icyuma kibaho muburyo butandatu bukurikira mubutare bwa quartz:
Kubaho muburyo bwibice byiza mubumba cyangwa kaolinized feldspar
ChedBifatanije hejuru yubutaka bwa quartz muburyo bwa firime ya oxyde
Minerval minerval nka hematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, nibindi cyangwa minerval irimo fer nka mika, amphibole, garnet, nibindi.
TNi muburyo bwo kwibiza cyangwa lens imbere muri quartz
⑤ Kubaho muburyo bukomeye bwimbere imbere ya kristal
Amount Umubare munini wicyuma cya kabiri uzavangwa muburyo bwo gusya no gusya
Kugirango utandukanye neza amabuye y'agaciro arimo fer na quartz, birakenewe ko tubanza kumenya uko ibintu byanduye byanduye mumabuye ya quartz hanyuma tugahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kugirira akamaro no gutandukana kugirango habeho gukuraho umwanda.
(1) Inzira yo gutandukanya magneti
Inzira yo gutandukanya magnetiki irashobora gukuraho imyunyu ngugu ya magnetique idakomeye nka hematite, limonite na biotite harimo uduce duto duhujwe kurwego runini.Ukurikije imbaraga za rukuruzi, gutandukanya magneti birashobora kugabanywa gutandukana gukomeye kwa magneti no gutandukana kwa magneti.Gutandukana gukomeye kwa magnetiki mubisanzwe bifata imbaraga zikomeye zitandukanya magnetiki cyangwa itandukanya rukuruzi ya magneti.
Muri rusange, umucanga wa quartz urimo imyunyu ngugu ya magnetique idakomeye nka limonite, hematite, biotite, nibindi, birashobora gutoranywa ukoresheje imashini ikomeye ya magnetiki itose ifite agaciro kari hejuru ya 8.0 × 105A / m;Kumabuye y'agaciro akomeye yiganjemo ubutare, nibyiza gukoresha imashini ya magnetiki idakomeye cyangwa imashini ya magnetiki yo gutandukanya.[2] Muri iki gihe, hamwe nogukoresha urwego rwohejuru kandi rukomeye rukuruzi ya magnetiki itandukanya, gutandukanya magneti no kwezwa byateye imbere cyane ugereranije nibyahise.Kurugero, gukoresha electromagnetic induction roller ubwoko bukomeye bwa magnetiki itandukanya kugirango ukureho ibyuma munsi ya 2.2T imbaraga za magnetique birashobora kugabanya ibiri muri Fe2O3 kuva 0.002% kugeza 0.0002%.
(2) Inzira yo guhaguruka
Flotation ni inzira yo gutandukanya imyunyu ngugu binyuze mumiterere itandukanye yumubiri nubumara hejuru yubutaka bwa minerval.Igikorwa nyamukuru nugukuraho minika ijyanye na feldspar kumusenyi wa quartz.Kubireba flotation itandukanya imyunyu ngugu irimo fer na quartz, kumenya uburyo bwo kubaho kwanduye ryicyuma nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza buri bunini ni urufunguzo rwo guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukanya ibyuma.Amabuye y'agaciro menshi arimo ibyuma bifite amashanyarazi ya zeru hejuru ya 5, yishyurwa neza mubidukikije bya acide, kandi muburyo bwiza bwo gukoresha anionic.
Acide ibinure (isabune), hydrocarbyl sulfonate cyangwa sulfate irashobora gukoreshwa nkikusanyirizo rya anionic kugirango ihindurwe ryamabuye ya oxyde.Pyrite irashobora guhinduranya pyrite kuva muri quartz ahantu hatoragura hamwe na classique ya flotation ya isobutyl xanthate wongeyeho ifu yumukara wa butylamine (4: 1).Igipimo ni 200ppmw.
Ihindagurika rya ilmenite muri rusange rikoresha sodium oleate (0.21mol / L) nka agent ya flotation kugirango ihindure pH kuri 4 ~ 10.Imiti yimiti iba hagati ya oleate ion nuduce twicyuma hejuru ya ilmenite kugirango itange oleate yicyuma, iyamamaza imiti ya Oleate ion ikomeza ilmenite hamwe no kureremba neza.Hydrocarubone ishingiye kuri fosifonike ikusanya aside mu myaka yashize ifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo no gukusanya ilmenite.
(3) Uburyo bwo kumena aside
Intego nyamukuru yuburyo bwa acide ni ugukuraho imyunyu ngugu ya elegitoronike ikemurwa na aside.Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kweza kwa acide harimo ingano yumusenyi wa quartz, ubushyuhe, igihe, ubwoko bwa aside, kwibumbira hamwe kwa aside, nibindi, kandi byongera ubushyuhe nigisubizo cya aside.Kwishyira hamwe no kugabanya radiyo yibice bya quartz birashobora kongera igipimo cyo gutemba nigipimo cya Al.Ingaruka yo kweza aside imwe ni mike, kandi aside ivanze igira ingaruka zingirakamaro, zishobora kongera cyane igipimo cyo gukuraho ibintu byanduye nka Fe na K. Acide organic organique ni HF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4 , H2C2O4, mubisanzwe bibiri cyangwa byinshi muribyo bivanze kandi bikoreshwa muburyo runaka.
Acide ya Oxalic ni aside ikoreshwa cyane kugirango acide.Irashobora gukora ibintu bisa neza hamwe nibyuma byashonze, kandi umwanda wogejwe byoroshye.Ifite ibyiza bya dosiye nkeya nigipimo kinini cyo gukuraho fer.Abantu bamwe bakoresha ultrasound kugirango bafashe kweza aside oxyde, basanga ugereranije na ultrasound isanzwe ikurura hamwe na ultrases, probe ultrasound ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukuraho Fe, ingano ya aside ya oxyde iri munsi ya 4g / L, kandi igipimo cyo gukuramo ibyuma kigera 75.4%.
Kuba aside irike hamwe na aside hydrofluoric irashobora gukuraho neza umwanda wicyuma nka Fe, Al, Mg, ariko ingano ya acide hydrofluoric igomba kugenzurwa kuko aside hydrofluoric ishobora kwangiza ibice bya quartz.Gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa acide nabyo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yuburyo bwo kweza.Muri byo, aside ivanze ya HCl na HF ifite ingaruka nziza yo gutunganya.Abantu bamwe bakoresha HCl na HF bivanze kugirango basukure umucanga wa quartz nyuma yo gutandukana kwa magneti.Binyuze mu miti, ubwinshi bwibintu byanduye ni 40.71μg / g, kandi ubuziranenge bwa SiO2 buri hejuru ya 99.993wt%.
(4) Gutera mikorobe
Microorganismes ikoreshwa mugutobora icyuma cyoroshye cyangwa gutera ibyuma hejuru yumusenyi wa quartz, ubwo ni tekinike iherutse gukurwaho.Ubushakashatsi bw’amahanga bwerekanye ko ikoreshwa rya Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus hamwe n’ibindi binyabuzima bigera ku cyuma hejuru ya firime ya quartz byageze ku musaruro mwiza, muri byo ingaruka za Aspergillus niger zikoresha icyuma cyiza.Igipimo cyo gukuraho Fe2O3 kiri hejuru ya 75%, naho igipimo cya Fe2O3 cyibanze kiri munsi ya 0.007%.Kandi byagaragaye ko ingaruka zo kumena icyuma hamwe no guhinga mbere ya bagiteri na mold byaba byiza.
2.2 Ubundi bushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi bwumusenyi wa quartz kubirahuri bifotora
Kugirango ugabanye aside, kugabanya ingorane zo gutunganya imyanda, no kubungabunga ibidukikije, Peng Shou [5] nibindi.yerekanye uburyo bwo gutegura 10ppm yumucanga wa quartz yumucanga muburyo bwo kudatoragura: quartz naturel ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo, hamwe no kumenagura ibyiciro bitatu, Icyiciro cya mbere cyo gusya hamwe nicyiciro cya kabiri gishobora kubona 0.1 ~ 0.7mm grit ;grit itandukanijwe nicyiciro cya mbere cyo gutandukanya magnetiki nicyiciro cya kabiri cyo gukuraho magnetiki ikomeye yo gukuramo ibyuma bya mashini na minisiteri itwara ibyuma kugirango ubone umusenyi wo gutandukanya magneti;gutandukanya magnetiki kumusenyi biboneka kumurongo wa kabiri flotation Fe2O3 iri munsi ya 10ppm yumucanga wa quartz wumucanga, flotation ikoresha H2SO4 nkumuyobozi, ihindura pH = 2 ~ 3, ikoresha sodium oleate hamwe na cocout yamavuta ya propylene diamine nkabakusanya. .Umusenyi wa Quartz wateguwe SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, wujuje ibyangombwa byibikoresho bya silice bikenerwa mubirahuri bya optique, ikirahure cyerekana amashanyarazi, nikirahure cya quartz.
Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe no kugabanuka kw'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya quartz, imikoreshereze yuzuye y’umutungo muto wo hasi ikurura abantu benshi.Xie Enjun wo mubushinwa Ibikoresho byubaka Bengbu Glass Inganda Igishushanyo nubushakashatsi Institute Co., Ltd. yakoresheje umurizo wa kaolin kugirango ategure umucanga wa quartz wicyuma gito kubirahuri bifotora.Ibintu nyamukuru bigize imyunyu ngugu ya Fujian kaolin ni quartz, irimo imyunyu ngugu nkeya nka kaolinite, mika, na feldspar.Umurizo wa kaolin umaze gutunganywa nuburyo bwo "gusya-hydraulic classique-magnetique itandukanya-flotation", ibirimo 0,6 ~ 0.125mm ingano ya selile irenga 95%, SiO2 ni 99,62%, Al2O3 ni 0.065%, Fe2O3 ni 92 × 10-6 umucanga mwiza wa quartz wujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byumucanga muto wa quartz kumirahuri ya Photovoltaque.
Shao Weihua n'abandi bo mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Zhengzhou ryita ku buryo bunoze bwo gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bwa Jewoloji mu Bushinwa, ryasohoye ipatanti yo kuvumbura: uburyo bwo gutegura umucanga wa quartz ufite isuku iva mu murizo wa kaolin.Intambwe yuburyo: a.Imirizo ya Kaolin ikoreshwa nkamabuye mbisi, ayungurura nyuma yo kuyungurura no kuyakuramo kugirango abone ibikoresho + 0,6mm;b.+ 0,6mm ibikoresho ni hasi kandi byashyizwe mubikorwa, kandi 0.4mm0.1mm yubutare bukorerwa ibikorwa byo gutandukanya magnetiki, Kugirango ubone ibikoresho bya magnetiki na magnetique, ibikoresho bitari magnetiki byinjira mubikorwa byo gutandukanya imbaraga za rukuruzi kugirango ubone imyunyu ngugu itandukanya uburemere na gutandukanya imbaraga za minisiteri iremereye, hamwe no gutandukanya imbaraga za minisiteri yoroheje yinjira mubikorwa byo kwisubiramo kugirango ibone + 0.1mm minerval;c. + 0.1mm Amabuye y'agaciro yinjira mubikorwa bya flotation kugirango abone flotation yibanze.Amazi yo hejuru ya flotation yibanze arakurwaho hanyuma akayatoragura ultrasonique, hanyuma akayungurura kugirango abone ibikoresho bito bya 0.1mm nkumusenyi wa quartz wuzuye.Uburyo bwo kuvumbura ntibushobora gusa kubona ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwa quartz gusa, ariko kandi bifite igihe gito cyo gutunganya, uburyo bworoshye bwo gutembera, gukoresha ingufu nke, hamwe nubwiza buhebuje bwa quartz yabonetse, bushobora kuzuza ubuziranenge bwibisabwa byera cyane. quartz.
Ubudozi bwa Kaolin burimo ibintu byinshi bya quartz.Binyuze mu nyungu, kwezwa no gutunganya byimbitse, birashobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe ibikoresho bya fotovoltaque ultra-cyera.Ibi kandi bitanga igitekerezo gishya cyo gukoresha byimazeyo ibikoresho bya kaolin.
3. Incamake yisoko yumucanga muto wa quartz kumirahuri ya Photovoltaque
Ku ruhande rumwe, mu gice cya kabiri cya 2020, ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro bugabanuka ntibushobora guhangana n’ibisabwa biturika mu iterambere ryinshi.Gutanga no gukenera ibirahuri bifotora biringaniye, kandi igiciro kirazamuka.Mu guhamagarwa kw’amasosiyete menshi y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi, mu Kuboza 2020, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yasohoye inyandiko isobanura ko umushinga w’ibirahure byafotowe bidashobora gushyiraho gahunda yo gusimbuza ubushobozi.Bitewe na politiki nshya, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibirahure bifotora bizagurwa guhera mu 2021. Nk’uko amakuru rusange abitangaza, ubushobozi bw’ibirahuri bifotora hamwe na gahunda isobanutse yo gukora muri 21/22 bizagera kuri 22250 / 26590t / d, hamwe na umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwa buri mwaka wa 68.4 / 48,6%.Ku bijyanye na politiki hamwe n'ingwate zishingiye ku mpande zombi, biteganijwe ko umucanga w'amafoto uva mu kirere uzamuka.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bya 2015-2022
Ku rundi ruhande, kwiyongera kwinshi mubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bifotora birashobora gutuma itangwa ryumucanga wa silika nkeya irenze itangwa, ibyo bikaba bigabanya umusaruro nyawo wo gukora ibirahuri bifotora.Dukurikije imibare, kuva mu 2014, umusaruro w’umusenyi w’imbere mu gihugu cyanjye muri rusange wagabanutseho gato ugereranije n’imbere mu gihugu, kandi amasoko n’ibisabwa byakomeje kuringaniza.
Muri icyo gihe, igihugu cyanjye cyo mu gihugu cya Quartz giciriritse giciriritse ni gake cyane, kibanda muri Heyuan ya Guangdong, Beihai ya Guangxi, Fengyang ya Anhui na Donghai ya Jiangsu, kandi umubare munini wabyo ugomba gutumizwa mu mahanga.
Umucanga muke ultra-cyera quartz umucanga nikimwe mubikoresho byingenzi (bingana na 25% byigiciro cyibikoresho) mumyaka yashize.Igiciro nacyo cyazamutse.Mubihe byashize, bimaze igihe kinini 200 yu / toni.Nyuma y’icyorezo cya Q1 mu myaka 20, cyagabanutse kiva ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi kuri ubu kikaba gikomeje imikorere ihamye kugeza ubu.
Muri 2020, igihugu cyanjye gikeneye umusenyi wa quartz kizaba toni miliyoni 90.93, umusaruro uzaba toni miliyoni 87.65, naho ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bizaba toni miliyoni 3.278.Dukurikije amakuru rusange, ubwinshi bwamabuye ya quartz muri 100kg yikirahure cyashongeshejwe ni 72.2kg.Ukurikije gahunda yo kwagura ubu, kongera ubushobozi bwikirahure cyamafoto ya 2021/2022 birashobora kugera kuri 3.23 / 24500t / d, ukurikije umusaruro ngarukamwaka ubarwa mugihe cyiminsi 360, umusaruro wose uzahuza nibyifuzo bishya byiyongera kubisabwa bike -umucanga wa silika ya toni miliyoni 836/635 toni / mwaka, ni ukuvuga ko icyifuzo gishya cyumucanga wa silika nkeya cyazanywe nikirahure cya Photovoltaque muri 2021/2022 kizaba gifite umusenyi wa quartz muri 2020 9.2% / 7.0% byibisabwa .Urebye ko umucanga wa silika nkeya ufite igice kimwe gusa cyumusenyi wa silika ukenera, itangwa nibisabwa kumucanga wa silika nkeya iterwa nishoramari rinini ryubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bifotora birashobora kuba byinshi kurenza igitutu kuri muri rusange inganda zumucanga.
—Ingingo iva kuri Powder Network
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-11-2021