Mugihe cya "Gahunda yimyaka 14 yimyaka 5", nkurikije gahunda y’igihugu "gahunda ya karubone na karubone idafite aho ibogamiye", inganda zifotora zizatera iterambere riturika. Icyorezo cyinganda zifotora "cyaremye ubutunzi" murwego rwose rwinganda. Muri uru ruhererekane rutangaje, ikirahure cya Photovoltaque ni ihuriro ryingirakamaro. Uyu munsi, uharanira kubungabunga ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, icyifuzo cy’ibirahure bifotora bigenda byiyongera umunsi ku munsi, kandi hari ubusumbane hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa. Muri icyo gihe, umucanga muke hamwe na ultra-yera ya quartz umusenyi, ibikoresho byingenzi byikirahure cyamafoto, nabyo byazamutse, kandi igiciro cyiyongereye kandi itangwa rirahagije. Inzobere mu nganda ziteganya ko umucanga muto wa quartz wumucanga uziyongera igihe kirekire hejuru ya 15% mugihe kirenze imyaka 10. Mumuyaga mwinshi wa Photovoltaque, umusaruro wumucanga wa quartz wicyuma gike ushimishije cyane.
1. Quartz umucanga kubirahuri bifotora
Ikirahure cya Photovoltaque gikoreshwa nkibisanzwe bigize enapsulée ya moderi ya Photovoltaque, kandi irahuza neza nibidukikije. Kurwanya ikirere cyayo, imbaraga, kohereza urumuri nibindi bipimo bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwamafoto yifotora no gukora amashanyarazi maremare. Iyoni zicyuma mumucanga wa quartz ziroroshye gusiga irangi, kandi kugirango harebwe ko izuba ryinshi ryikirahure cyikirahure cyambere, ibyuma birimo ikirahure cya Photovoltaque biri munsi yibirahuri bisanzwe, n'umucanga wa quartz wicyuma gike hamwe na silicon nyinshi. n'ibirimo umwanda muke bigomba gukoreshwa.
Kugeza ubu, hari umucanga muto wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wo mu cyuma cya quartz byoroshye gucukura mu gihugu cyacu, kandi bikwirakwizwa cyane cyane muri Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan n'ahandi. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no kwiyongera k'ubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bya ultra-cyera byometse ku mirasire y'izuba, umucanga wo mu bwoko bwa quartz wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ufite umusaruro muke uzahinduka umutungo muke. Gutanga umucanga wo mu rwego rwohejuru kandi uhamye wa quartz bizagabanya guhangana n’amasosiyete y’ibirahure ya Photovoltaque. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kugabanya neza ibirimo ibyuma, aluminium, titanium nibindi bintu byanduye mumusenyi wa quartz no gutegura umucanga wa quartz ufite isuku nyinshi ni ingingo yubushakashatsi bushyushye.
2. Umusaruro wumucanga muto wa quartz kumirahuri ya Photovoltaque
2.1 Kweza umucanga wa Quartz kubirahuri bya Photovoltaic
Kugeza ubu, uburyo busanzwe bwo kweza kwitwa quartz bukoreshwa muburyo bukoreshwa mu nganda harimo gutondeka, gushakisha, kuzimya amazi-kubara, gusya, gushungura, gutandukanya magnetiki, gutandukanya imbaraga rukuruzi, flotation, kwangiza aside, kwangiza mikorobe, kwangirika kwinshi, nibindi, nibindi, nibindi, kweza byimbitse Mubikorwa birimo chlorine ikaranze, gutondekanya ibara ryumucyo, gutondekanya magnetique, gutondeka ubushyuhe bwinshi nibindi. Gahunda rusange yo kugirira akamaro umucanga wa quartz yo murugo nayo yatejwe imbere kuva "gusya, gutandukanya magnetiki, gukaraba" kugeza "gutandukana → kumenagura gukabije → kubara → kuzimya amazi → gusya → gusuzuma → gutandukana kwa magneti → flotation → aside kwibiza → gukaraba → gukama, bifatanije na microwave, ultrasonic nubundi buryo bwo kwitegura cyangwa kweza byunganirwa, bitezimbere cyane ingaruka zo kwezwa. Urebye ibyuma bike bisabwa byikirahure cya Photovoltaque, hashyizweho ubushakashatsi niterambere ryuburyo bwo gukuraho umucanga wa quartz.
Mubisanzwe icyuma kibaho muburyo butandatu bukurikira muburyo bwa quartz:
Kubaho muburyo bwibice byiza mubumba cyangwa kaolinized feldspar
TBifatanije hejuru yubutaka bwa quartz muburyo bwa firime ya okiside
MinInyunyu ngugu nka hematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, nibindi cyangwa imyunyu ngugu irimo fer nka mika, amphibole, garnet, nibindi.
TNi muburyo bwo kwibiza cyangwa lens imbere muri quartz
⑤ Kubaho muburyo bwigisubizo gikomeye imbere ya kristu ya kirisiti
Umubare munini wicyuma cya kabiri kizavangwa muburyo bwo kumenagura no gusya
Kugirango utandukanye neza amabuye y'agaciro arimo fer na quartz, birakenewe ko tubanza kumenya uko ibintu byanduye byanduye mumabuye ya quartz hanyuma tugahitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kugirira akamaro no gutandukana kugirango bigerweho.
(1) Inzira yo gutandukanya magneti
Inzira yo gutandukanya magnetiki irashobora gukuraho imyunyu ngugu ya magnetiki idakomeye nka hematite, limonite na biotite harimo uduce duhujwe kurwego runini. Ukurikije imbaraga za rukuruzi, gutandukana kwa magneti birashobora kugabanywa gutandukana gukomeye kwa magneti no gutandukana kwa magneti. Gutandukana gukomeye kwa magnetique mubisanzwe bifata imbaraga zikomeye zitandukanya magnetiki cyangwa itandukanya rukuruzi ya magneti.
Muri rusange, umucanga wa quartz urimo imyunyu ngugu ya magnetique idakomeye nka limonite, hematite, biotite, nibindi, irashobora gutoranywa ukoresheje imashini ikomeye ya magnetique itose ifite agaciro kari hejuru ya 8.0 × 105A / m; Ku myunyu ngugu ikomeye ya magnetiki yiganjemo ubutare bw'icyuma, nibyiza gukoresha imashini ya rukuruzi idakomeye cyangwa imashini ya rukuruzi yo hagati yo gutandukana. [2] Muri iki gihe, hamwe nogukoresha urwego rwo hejuru kandi rukomeye rukuruzi ya magnetique itandukanya, gutandukanya magneti no kwezwa byateye imbere cyane ugereranije nigihe cyashize. Kurugero, ukoresheje electromagnetic induction roller ubwoko bukomeye bwa magnetiki itandukanya kugirango ukureho ibyuma munsi ya 2.2T ya magnetique yumurima urashobora kugabanya ibiri muri Fe2O3 kuva 0.002% kugeza 0.0002%.
(2) Inzira yo guhinga
Flotation ni inzira yo gutandukanya imyunyu ngugu binyuze mumiterere itandukanye yumubiri nubumara hejuru yubutaka bwa minerval. Igikorwa nyamukuru nugukuraho minika ifitanye isano na feldspar kumusenyi wa quartz. Kubireba flotation itandukanya amabuye y'agaciro arimo fer na quartz, kumenya uburyo bwo kubaho bwumwanda wicyuma nuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza buri bunini buke nurufunguzo rwo guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukanya ibyuma. Amabuye y'agaciro menshi arimo ibyuma bifite amashanyarazi ya zeru hejuru ya 5, yishyurwa neza mubidukikije bya acide, kandi nibyiza bikwiriye gukoreshwa na anionic.
Amavuta acide (isabune), hydrocarbyl sulfonate cyangwa sulfate arashobora gukoreshwa nkikusanyirizo rya anionic muguhindura amabuye ya okiside ya fer. Pyrite irashobora kuba flotation ya pyrite iva muri quartz ahantu hatoragura hamwe na classique ya flotation ya isobutyl xanthate wongeyeho ifu yumukara wa butylamine (4: 1). Igipimo ni 200ppmw.
Ihindagurika rya ilmenite muri rusange rikoresha sodium oleate (0.21mol / L) nka agent ya flotation kugirango ihindure pH kuri 4 ~ 10. Imiti yimiti iba hagati ya oleate ion nuduce twicyuma hejuru ya ilmenite kugirango itange oleate yicyuma, iyamamaza imiti ya Oleate ion ituma ilmenite ikomeza kureremba neza. Hydrocarubone ishingiye kuri fosifonike ya aside ikusanya mumyaka yashize ifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhitamo no gukusanya ilmenite.
(3) Uburyo bwo kumena aside
Intego nyamukuru yuburyo bwo kumena aside ni ugukuraho imyunyu ngugu ya elegitoronike ikemurwa na acide. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kweza kwa acide harimo ingano yumusenyi wa quartz, ubushyuhe, igihe, ubwoko bwa aside, kwibanda kuri aside, igipimo gikomeye-cyamazi, nibindi, kandi byongera ubushyuhe nigisubizo cya aside. Kwishyira hamwe no kugabanya radiyo yibice bya quartz birashobora kongera igipimo cyo gutemba nigipimo cya Al. Ingaruka yo kweza aside imwe ni mike, kandi aside ivanze igira ingaruka zingirakamaro, zishobora kongera cyane igipimo cyo kuvanaho ibintu byanduye nka Fe na K. Acide organic organique ni HF, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, HClO4 , H2C2O4, mubisanzwe bibiri cyangwa byinshi muribyo bivanze kandi bikoreshwa muburyo runaka.
Acide ya Oxalic ni aside ikoreshwa cyane mu gusohora aside. Irashobora gukora ibintu bisa nkaho bihamye hamwe na ion zashongeshejwe, kandi umwanda wogejwe byoroshye. Ifite ibyiza bya dosiye nkeya nigipimo kinini cyo gukuraho fer. Abantu bamwe bakoresha ultrasound kugirango bafashe kweza aside aside, hanyuma basanga ugereranije na ultrasound isanzwe ikurura hamwe na tank, ultrasound ya probe ifite igipimo kinini cyo gukuraho Fe, ingano ya aside ya oxyde iri munsi ya 4g / L, kandi igipimo cyo gukuramo ibyuma kigera 75.4%.
Kuba aside irike na acide hydrofluoric irashobora gukuraho neza umwanda wicyuma nka Fe, Al, Mg, ariko ingano ya acide hydrofluoric igomba kugenzurwa kuko aside hydrofluoric ishobora kwangiza ibice bya quartz. Gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa acide nabyo bigira ingaruka kumiterere yuburyo bwo kweza. Muri byo, aside ivanze ya HCl na HF ifite ingaruka nziza yo gutunganya. Abantu bamwe bakoresha imiti ivanze ya HCl na HF kugirango basukure umucanga wa quartz nyuma yo gutandukana kwa magneti. Binyuze mu miti, umubare wibintu byose byanduye ni 40.71μg / g, kandi ubuziranenge bwa SiO2 buri hejuru ya 99,993wt%.
(4) Gutera mikorobe
Microorganismes ikoreshwa mugutobora icyuma cyoroshye cya firime cyangwa gutera ibyuma hejuru yumusenyi wa quartz, ubwo ni tekinike iherutse gukorwa yo gukuraho ibyuma. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mahanga bwerekanye ko ikoreshwa rya Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus n’izindi mikorobe zangiza ibyuma hejuru ya firime ya quartz byageze ku musaruro mwiza, muri byo ingaruka za Aspergillus niger zikoresha icyuma cyiza. Igipimo cyo gukuraho Fe2O3 kiri hejuru ya 75%, naho igipimo cya Fe2O3 cyibanze kiri munsi ya 0.007%. Kandi byagaragaye ko ingaruka zo kumena ibyuma hamwe mbere yo guhinga za bagiteri nyinshi hamwe nibibumbano byaba byiza.
2.2 Ubundi bushakashatsi bwiterambere ryumusenyi wa quartz kubirahuri bifotora
Kugirango ugabanye aside, kugabanya ingorane zo gutunganya imyanda, no kubungabunga ibidukikije, Peng Shou [5] nibindi. yashyize ahagaragara uburyo bwo gutegura 10ppm yumucanga wa quartz yumucanga ukoresheje uburyo bwo kudatoragura: quartz naturel isanzwe ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo, hamwe no kumenagura ibyiciro bitatu, Icyiciro cya mbere cyo gusya hamwe nicyiciro cya kabiri gishobora kubona 0.1 ~ 0.7mm grit ; grit itandukanijwe nicyiciro cya mbere cyo gutandukanya magnetiki nicyiciro cya kabiri cyo gukuraho magnetiki ikomeye yo gukuramo ibyuma byubukorikori hamwe namabuye y'agaciro ya fer kugirango abone umucanga wo gutandukanya magneti; gutandukanya magnetiki kumucanga bibonwa nicyiciro cya kabiri flotation Fe2O3 iri munsi ya 10ppm yumucanga wa quartz wicyuma gito, flotation ikoresha H2SO4 nkumuyobozi, igahindura pH = 2 ~ 3, ikoresha sodium oleate hamwe namavuta ya cocout amavuta ashingiye kuri propylene diamine nkabakusanya . Umusenyi wa Quartz wateguwe SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, wujuje ibisabwa nibikoresho fatizo bya silice bikenerwa mubirahuri bya optique, ikirahure cyerekana amashanyarazi, nikirahure cya quartz.
Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe no kugabanuka kw’umutungo wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wa quartz, imikoreshereze yuzuye y’umutungo muto wo hasi watumye abantu benshi babibona. Xie Enjun wo mu Bushinwa Ibikoresho byubaka Bengbu Glass Industry Design and Research Institute Co., Ltd. yakoresheje imirizo ya kaolin kugirango ategure umucanga muto wa quartz wumucanga wikirahure cyamafoto. Amabuye y'agaciro yibanze ya Fujian kaolin umurizo ni quartz, irimo imyunyu ngugu ntoya nka kaolinite, mika, na feldspar. Umurizo wa kaolin umaze gutunganywa nuburyo bwo kugirira akamaro "gusya-hydraulic classique-magnetique itandukanya-flotation", ibikubiye muri 0,6 ~ 0.125mm ingano yingirakamaro irenga 95%, SiO2 ni 99,62%, Al2O3 ni 0.065%, Fe2O3 ni 92 × 10-6 umucanga mwiza wa quartz wujuje ubuziranenge bwumucanga wa quartz wicyuma gito kubirahuri bifotora.
Shao Weihua n'abandi bo mu kigo cya Zhengzhou gishinzwe gukoresha neza umutungo w’amabuye y'agaciro, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi bwa Jewoloji mu Bushinwa, basohoye ipatanti yavumbuwe: uburyo bwo gutegura umucanga wa quartz ufite isuku nyinshi ukomoka ku murizo wa kaolin. Intambwe yuburyo: a. Umurizo wa Kaolin ukoreshwa nkamabuye mbisi, akayungurura nyuma yo gukangurwa no gukubitwa kugirango abone ibikoresho + 0,6mm; b. + 0,6mm ibikoresho biri hasi kandi byashyizwe mubikorwa, kandi 0.4mm0.1mm yubutare bukorerwa ibikorwa byo gutandukanya magneti, Kugirango ubone ibikoresho bya magnetiki na non-magnetique, ibikoresho bitari magnetiki byinjira mubikorwa byo gutandukanya imbaraga za rukuruzi kugirango ubone ubutare bwitandukanya rukuruzi kandi gutandukanya imbaraga za minerval ziremereye, hamwe nubutare bwo gutandukanya imbaraga za minerval zinjira mubikorwa bya regrind kugirango zerekanwe kugirango zibone amabuye y'agaciro + 0.1mm; c. + 0.1mm Amabuye y'agaciro yinjira mubikorwa bya flotation kugirango abone flotation yibanze. Amazi yo hejuru yibibumbano bya flotation arakurwaho hanyuma akayatoragura ultrasonique, hanyuma akayungurura kugirango abone ibikoresho bito + 0.1mm nkumusenyi wa quartz-yera cyane. Uburyo bwo kuvumbura ntibushobora gusa kubona ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwa quartz gusa, ariko kandi bifite igihe gito cyo gutunganya, uburyo bworoshye bwo gutembera, gukoresha ingufu nke, hamwe nubwiza buhanitse bwa quartz yabonetse, bushobora kuzuza ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru. quartz.
Ubudozi bwa Kaolin burimo ibintu byinshi bya quartz. Binyuze mu nyungu, kwezwa no gutunganya byimbitse, birashobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshe ibikoresho bya fotovoltaque ultra-yera y'ibirahuri bibisi. Ibi kandi bitanga igitekerezo gishya cyo gukoresha byimazeyo umutungo wa kaolin.
3. Incamake yisoko yumucanga muke wa quartz kumirahuri ya Photovoltaque
Ku ruhande rumwe, mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2020, ubushobozi bwo kongera umusaruro bwagabanutse ntibushobora guhangana n'ibisabwa biturika mu iterambere ryinshi. Gutanga no gukenera ibirahuri bifotora biringaniye, kandi igiciro kirazamuka. Mu guhamagarwa kw’amasosiyete menshi y’amafoto y’amashanyarazi, mu Kuboza 2020, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yasohoye inyandiko isobanura ko umushinga w’ibirahuri byafotowe bidashobora gushyiraho gahunda yo gusimbuza ubushobozi. Bitewe na politiki nshya, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa by’ibirahure bya Photovoltaque bizagurwa guhera mu 2021. Nk’uko amakuru rusange abitangaza, ubushobozi bw’ikirahure gifotora amashanyarazi gifite gahunda isobanutse yo gukora muri 21/22 kizagera kuri 22250 / 26590t / d, hamwe na umuvuduko wubwiyongere bwa 68.4 / 48,6%. Ku bijyanye na politiki hamwe n'ingwate zishingiye ku mpande zombi, biteganijwe ko umucanga w'amashanyarazi uzamura iterambere riturika.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bya 2015-2022
Ku rundi ruhande, kwiyongera cyane mu bushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bifotora birashobora gutuma itangwa ry'umucanga wa silika nkeya ya silika irenze itangwa, ibyo bikaba bigabanya umusaruro nyirizina wo gukora ibirahuri bifotora. Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, kuva mu 2014, igihugu cyanjye cy’umucanga wa quartz mu gihugu cyagabanutse cyane ugereranije n’imbere mu gihugu, kandi amasoko n’ibisabwa byakomeje kuringaniza.
Muri icyo gihe, igihugu cyanjye cyo mu gihugu cya Quartz giciriritse giciriritse ni gake cyane, kibanda muri Heyuan ya Guangdong, Beihai ya Guangxi, Fengyang ya Anhui na Donghai ya Jiangsu, kandi umubare munini wabyo ugomba gutumizwa mu mahanga.
Umucanga muke wa ultra-cyera quartz umucanga nimwe mubikoresho byingenzi (bingana na 25% byigiciro cyibikoresho fatizo) mumyaka yashize. Igiciro nacyo cyazamutse. Mubihe byashize, bimaze igihe kinini hafi 200 yuan / toni. Nyuma y’icyorezo cya Q1 mu myaka 20, cyagabanutse kiva ku rwego rwo hejuru, kandi kuri ubu kikaba gikomeje imikorere ihamye kugeza ubu.
Muri 2020, igihugu cyanjye gikeneye umusenyi wa quartz kizaba toni miliyoni 90.93, umusaruro uzaba toni miliyoni 87,65, naho ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga bizaba toni miliyoni 3.278. Nk’uko amakuru rusange abitangaza, ingano yamabuye ya quartz muri 100kg yikirahure cyashongeshejwe ni 72.2kg. Ukurikije gahunda yo kwagura ubu, kongera ubushobozi bwikirahure cyamafoto ya 2021/2022 birashobora kugera kuri 3.23 / 24500t / d, ukurikije umusaruro ngarukamwaka ubarwa mugihe cyiminsi 360, umusaruro wose uzahuza nibyifuzo bishya byiyongera kubisabwa hasi -umucanga wa silon silika ya toni miliyoni 836/635 / mwaka, ni ukuvuga ko icyifuzo gishya cyumucanga wa silika nkeya cyazanywe nikirahure cyamafoto ya 2021/2022 kizaba gifite umusenyi wa quartz muri 2020 9.2% / 7.0% byibisabwa . Urebye ko umucanga wa silika iciriritse ufite igice kimwe gusa cyumusenyi wa silika ukenera, itangwa ryibisabwa nibisabwa kumusenyi wa silika nkeya byatewe nishoramari rinini ryubushobozi bwo gukora ibirahuri bifotora birashobora kuba hejuru cyane kuruta igitutu kuri inganda rusange za quartz.
—Ingingo iva kuri Powder Network
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-11-2021