[Huate Mineral Processing Encyclopedia] Guhishura amabanga ya Kaolin: impinduka nziza kuva mu butaka kugera ku bikoresho bigezweho
Kaolini ni amabuye y'agaciro atari icyuma, ubwoko bw'ibumba n'ibumba bigizwe ahanini naImyunyu ngugu ya Kaolinite. Kubera ko ari umweru kandi yoroshye, yitwa kandi ubutaka bwa Dolomite. Yitiriwe Umudugudu wa Gaoling, Jingdezhen, Intara ya Jiangxi. Kaolini yayo nziza ni umweru, yoroshye, yoroshye kandi imeze nk'ubutaka, kandi ifite imiterere myiza y'umubiri n'imiti nko kuba plastike no kurwanya inkongi. Ibigize imyunyu ngugu yayo ahanini bigizwe na Kaolinite, Halloysite, Hydromica, Illite, Montmorillonite, Quartz, Feldspar n'andi mabuye y'agaciro.
Kaolin ni amabuye y'agaciro asanzwe kandi y'ingenzi cyane mu ibumba. Akorwa no kuzura kwa feldspar cyangwa andi mabuye ya silicate mu mabuye y'ivu n'ahinduka mu buryo butarimo aside idafite ibyuma bya alkali n'ibyuma bya alkali.
01 Ishyirwa mu byiciro
Gushyira mu byiciro ubutaka
Imyunyungugu iri muri Kaolin mu bidukikije igabanyijemo imyunyungugu y'ibumba n'imyunyungugu itari ibumba. Muri yo, imyunyungugu y'ibumba igizwe ahanini n'imyunyungugu ya Kaolinite n'umubare muto wa Montmorillonite, mica na Chlorite; imyunyungugu itari ibumba igizwe ahanini na feldspar, quartz n'imyunyungugu y'amazi, hamwe n'imyunyungugu imwe n'imwe y'icyuma nka hematite na Rhosite, icyuma cy'ubutare, Limonite, n'indi, imyunyungugu ya titaniyumu nka Rutile, n'indi n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera nka fibre, n'indi. Imyunyungugu y'ibumba igizwe ahanini n'imyunyungugu ya Kaolin.
Gushyira mu byiciro impamvu
Hashingiwe ku nkomoko y'ibisigazwa bya Kaolin no ku itandukaniro mu bumenyi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiterere y'ubutaka, ingano y'ibisigazwa, imiterere y'umubiri w'amabuye y'agaciro n'imiterere y'ibintu biyigize, ibice by'amabuye y'agaciro bigaragara mu buryo butandukanye bwo gusesengura amabuye y'agaciro, "Kode y'Ubushakashatsi ku Gicuku cya Kaolin" ububiko bwa Kaolin mu Bushinwa bugabanyijemo ubwoko butatu n'ubwoko butandatu.
Ubwoko bw'ikirere:Igabanyijemo kandi ibice bibiri: ubwoko bwa weathering residual subtype na weathering leaching subtype.
Ubwoko bw'impinduka ku bushyuhe bukomoka ku mazi:Igabanyijemo kandi ubwoko bw'ihindagurika ry'amazi n'ubwoko bw'ihindagurika ry'impeshyi zishyuha zigezweho.
Ubwoko bw'ibinure:Igabanyijemo ibice by’ubwoko bw’amabuye y’ibumba ya Kaolinite mu byiciro by’amakara.
Ubwoko bw'inganda
Hashingiwe ku inkomoko y'ibisigazwa bya Kaolin, "Ibisobanuro by'Ubushakashatsi ku Gice cya Kaolin" bigabanya ibisigazwa bya Kaolin byo mu Bushinwa mu moko atatu n'amoko atandatu hakurikijwe itandukaniro rya geologiya y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiterere y'ubutaka, ingano y'ibisigazwa, imiterere y'umubiri w'amabuye y'agaciro n'imiterere y'ibintu bihari, hamwe n'ibice by'amabuye y'agaciro bigaragazwa n'uburyo butandukanye bwo gukwirakwiza amabuye y'agaciro. Dukurikije imiterere yabyo, imiterere yabyo, n'igice cy'umusenyi, bigabanyijemo ubwoko butatu:
BikomeyeKaolini: gukomera kandi bitari plastiki, bihinduka pulasitiki nyuma yo gushwanyaguzwa no gusya.
ByoroshyeKaolini:yoroshye, ikoze muri pulasitiki nyinshi, igice cy'umucanga kiri munsi ya 50%.
SandyKaolini:imiterere yoroshye, plastike idakomeye, igice cy'umusenyi kiri hejuru ya 50%.
02 Inkomoko
Umutungo w’amabuye y’agaciro wa Kaolin mu Bushinwa uza mu myanya ya mbere ku isi, aho ufite amabuye y’agaciro 267 yagaragaye ko ari mato n’ububiko bw’agaciro bwa miliyari 2.91. Muri yo: Umutungo w’amabuye y’agaciro wa Kaolin mu gihugu cyanjye udakoresha amakara uza ku mwanya wa gatanu ku isi. Amabuye y’agaciro yagaragaye ko ari miliyari 1.468, ahanini yiganje mu ntara za Guangdong, Shaanxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan na Jiangsu, agize 84.55% by’amabuye y’agaciro yose mu gihugu; Amabuye y’agaciro ya Kaolin (Kaolinite) mu Bushinwa aza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, aho afite toni miliyari 1.442, cyane cyane muri Datong, Huairen, Shuozhou, Shanxi, Jungar, Wuda, Inner Mongolia, Huaibei, Anhui, Hancheng, Shaanxi, n’ahandi, muri yo harimo akarima k’amakara ka Jungar muri Inner Mongolia gafite imitungo myinshi.
Hari ahantu hatandatu hanini ho kubika Kaolin mu Bushinwa:
(1) Umujyi wa Jiepai, Akarere ka Hengyang, Intara ya Hunan ukungahaye ku mabuye y'agaciro. Ubucukuzi bwa Kaolin, Nepheline, Feldspar na Quartz bugera kuri toni miliyoni 200, kandi hari amasosiyete agera kuri 40 acukura amabuye y'agaciro n'ayatunganya amabuye y'agaciro. Agace ka Dapailing gacukura amabuye y'agaciro (cyane cyane ibirombe bya Kaolin) gafite ubucukuzi bumwe bungana na toni miliyoni 80, bukaba ari ubwa mbere muri Aziya. Umusaruro w'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro w'uyu mujyi ku mwaka ni toni zirenga 500.000, zitanga inganda amagana z'ubudozi mu gihugu hose.
(2) Kaolin mu gace ka Maoming. Ubutare bwa Kaolin buri mu kibaya cya Maoming ni ubutare bw’urutare rwakuweho n’amazi. Ubunini bwa quartz n’ubundi busenyi burenze 50%, bityo bwitwa ubutare bwa Kaolin bw’umucanga. Ku bijyanye n’inkomoko, Maoming Kaolin yanyuze mu byiciro bitatu byo gusimbuka kw’amazi - gutwara no kwisiga - hanyuma ikagwa. Kaolin igwaho burundu, kandi utubuto tw’amazi ahanini ni monolithic dufite ingano nto y’uduce duto. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora impapuro.
(3) Longyan Kaolin ni ububiko bwa Kaolin busigaye bwangiritse. Kubera ko icyuma kiri munsi ya 0.3%, titanium iri munsi ya 0.02%, kandi irimo ingano runaka y'ikintu gishyushya gito (Li2O), ni ibikoresho fatizo byiza cyane bya porcelain y'amashanyarazi, ikoreshwa buri munsi ku rwego rwo hejuru, ndetse n'iporcelain y'ubugeni.
(4) Suzhou Yangshan Kaolin, iyi mfuruka ni Kaolin ihindura ikirere ku mazi.Imiterere y'ibinyabutabire bya Suzhou Yangshan mu byondo bifite imiterere iboneye irahuye cyane n'imiterere y'ibinyabutabire bya Kaolinite. Ingano ya Al2O3 ishobora kugera kuri 39.0%, ifite ibara ry'umweru n'uduce duto. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutwara ibintu bikomoka ku binyabutabire n'ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi.
(5) Hepu Kaolin. Ni ibisigazwa bya Kaolin byangiritse. Bikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo kubaka ibumba.
(6) Kaolin y'amakara yo mu majyaruguru. Ni Kaolinite ikomoka ku bimera, ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane mu turere tw’igihugu cyanjye dukoramo amakara, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa mu bwubatsi, gusiga amarangi, gusiga amarangi no gukora impapuro - ubutaka bushingiye ku makara.
Uduce dutandatu tw’ingenzi twavuzwe haruguru tugize umusaruro urenga 80% by’umusaruro w’Ubushinwa, kandi ni natwo duhagarariye amoko y’umutungo.
03Use
Kaolin ifite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyikoresha, ahanini bitewe n’uburyo ikora neza, gufatana kwayo, imbaraga zimwe na zimwe z’umukungugu, ubushobozi bwo gutwika no kwera nyuma yo kuyitwika, bigatuma iba ibikoresho by’ingenzi byo gukora ibumba; ni umweru, woroshye, ushobora gukwirakwira cyane, ushobora guhumeka. Imiterere yayo myiza yo gukora nk’imiterere ya chimique n’uburyo ikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye mu nganda z’impapuro. Byongeye kandi, Kaolin ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nka karuboni, pulasitiki, refractories, no gutunganya peteroli, ndetse no mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu buhinzi no mu kurinda igihugu. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda za karuboni, ibumba, ibikoresho birwanya, gukora impapuro, irangi, karuboni, porcelain nziza, insinga n’insinga, pulasitiki zo mu nganda, ibikoresho by’imiti, wino, ibiribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, imiti, nibindi, bisimbura lithopone n’igice cya titaniyumu mu marangi no mu ibumba. Ifu y’umweru n’ibindi bikoresho bihenze.
04 Ikoranabuhanga ryo Gutunganya
Kugira ngo hatandukanye amabuye y’agaciro atari ibumba n’ibintu bikomoka ku bimera nka quartz, feldspar, mica, icyuma, titanium, nibindi muri Kaolin kandi hakorwe ibicuruzwa bya Kaolin bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo by’inganda zitandukanye, usibye gukoresha uburyo bwo gutandukanya imbaraga, gutandukanya ibintu bikurura ubushyuhe, gutandukanya ibintu bikurura ubushyuhe n’imbaraga, gutandukanya ibintu bikurura ubushyuhe n’imbaraga, nibindi kugira ngo hasukurwe kandi havanwe imyanda muri Kaolin, rimwe na rimwe ni ngombwa gukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu byimbitse nko gusibanganya ibinyabutabire, gukurura ibintu bito cyane, gukaranga, no guhindura ubuso kugira ngo havurwe Kaolin.
(1) Gushyira mu byiciro hifashishijwe hydraulic
Ishyirwa mu byiciro rya hydraulic ririmo gushyira mu byiciro uruziga (gutandukanya umusenyi mwinshi +1mm), gushyira mu byiciro ikigega cy’amazi (gutandukanya umusenyi muto +0.053mm), gushyira mu byiciro hydrocyclone (gutandukanya umusenyi muto -0.053mm), gushyira mu byiciro centrifugal cyangwa gushyira mu byiciro hydrocyclone nto (ku byiciro by’uduce duto cyane twa 0.002-0.010mm).
(2) Gutandukanya rukuruzi cyane
Imbaraga za rukuruzi zirenga 1.600 kA/m zikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa magnetic concentrator media kugira ngo zikuremo Fe2O3 na TiO2 muri Kaolin kandi hakorwe impapuro n'ibikoresho fatizo bya ceramic byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
(3) Guhitamo gukurura amagufwa
Mu kongeramo imiti igabanya ubushyuhe, imyanda nka quartz nziza, pyrite, alunite, nibindi iratandukana neza kugira ngo hakorwe Kaolin itwikiriwe n'icyuma. Imiti ikoreshwa cyane irimo sodium hexametaphosphate, ammonium polyacrylamide, ikirahuri cy'amazi, nibindi.
(4) Gusukura ibinyabutabire mu buryo bwa shimi
Ibintu bikuraho uburozi nk'ifu y'ubwishingizi byongerwaho kugira ngo bigabanye ubutare bukabije muri limonite na hematite muri Kaolin bugabanye icyuma gishongesha, cyangwa okisidasiyo zongerwaho kugira ngo zivugurure pyrite kandi zishyireho irangi ry'imyanda kugira ngo Kaolin ibe nziza kurushaho.
(5) Gukuramo ibishishwa
Mu mashini ikora ibyuma, imipira yo hagati ikoreshwa mu gusya, bityo uduce twa Kaolin twometseho tugatandukanywamo kristu nto, bigatuma Kaolin ipfukwa n'icyuma gifite ingano iri munsi ya 2μm n'ibipimo birenga 90%.
(6) Gutera ikaransi
Iyo ikoreshejwe calcium kuri 800-1000℃, Kaolin itakaza amazi, ihinduka ry’ibyiciro, kandi imyanda imwe n’imwe irahindagurika, ibyo bigatuma Kaolin irushaho kuba nziza kandi ikanakoresha insinga n’ibikoresho byo gufunga bya rubber na pulasitiki. Gutunganya calcium ni uburyo bukenewe bwo gutunganya Kaolin ishingiye ku makara.
(7) Guhindura ubuso
Ibumba rya Kaolin ritwikiriwe n'ikintu gihuza, nibindi, kugira ngo ryongere ingano y'ibumba rya Kaolin ryongerwa muri pulasitiki, kandi rikoreshwa mu gutunganya ibumba rya Kaolin rikoreshwa muri pulasitiki.
Muri byo, gutandukanya magnetic ni uburyo bwo gutandukanya magnetic physical bukoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gutunganya mineral. Ihame ryayo ry'ibanze ni ugukoresha itandukaniro rya magnetic ry'amabuye ubwayo kugira ngo haboneke gutandukana. Dukurikije imiterere ya magnetized y'amabuye, gutandukanya magnetic bishobora kugabanywamo gutandukanya magnetic strong, gutandukanya magnetic weak, gutandukanya magnetic reverse na gutandukanya magnetic gridient high kugira ngo hahuzwe n'ibikenewe by'amabuye atandukanye. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya mineral ahanini birimo plate magnetic separators, vertical ring high gradient magnetic separators, electromagnetic slurry high gradient magnetic separators, low temperature superconducting magnetic separators, nibindi.
05 Inzandiko zo gukusanya amabuye y'agaciro
Inzira ya 1: Dufashe urugero rw'ibumba rya Kaolin rikomoka ku ivu, imyanda y'ingenzi iri muri uru rugero irimo okiside y'icyuma, okiside ya titanium, na silicate y'icyuma. Mu mabuye y'agaciro, imyanda iri muri Fe2O3 na TiO2 ni 0.89% na 0.17% uko bikurikirana, mu gihe umweru ugera kuri 67.29%.
Kugira ngo dukureho neza iyi myanda, twagennye gahunda ikurikira yo kugerageza: Ubwa mbere, shyira amabuye y’agaciro mu cyuma gitandukanya amashanyarazi n’ibintu bishya mu buryo bubiri bwo kuyatandukanya, gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bukabije no guhitamo neza, kugira ngo mbere na mbere dukureho imyanda myinshi. Hanyuma, imbaraga ziboneka zirushaho gusukurwa binyuze mu cyuma gitandukanya ibintu bishya kugira ngo birusheho kugabanya imyanda no kunoza ubwiza bwa Kaolin.
Imbonerahamwe y'imigendekere y'ikizamini
Bigaragara ko mu bisubizo by'ibizamini, amabuye y'agaciro ashobora gutandukanywa hakoreshejwe ururenda rwa elegitoronike + ururenda rwa elegitoronike + ururenda rwa superconducting magnetic separation kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro wa Kaolin concentrate ufite Fe2O3 0.35% n'umweru 87.52%.
Inzira ya 2:Ubutare bubi bukorerwa mu buryo bwa superconducting 5T magnetic separation. Uburyo bwo gupima bugaragara ku Ishusho ya 2, kandi ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragara ku Imbonerahamwe ya 2.
ISHUSHO YA 2 Urugendo rw'igerageza ry'inyungu
Ubutare bw’umwimerere bwashyizwe mu buryo bwo gutandukanya 5T magnetic kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro wa Kaolin ugizwe na Fe2O3 0.40%, Al2O3 22.92%, SiO2 68.78%, TiO2 0.10%, CaO 1.90%, umweru 86.97%, n’umusaruro wa 90.90%.
Nk’ibikoresho fatizo by’inganda bifite imikorere myinshi, Kaolin ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuyikoresha. Bitewe n’iterambere rirambye rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga hamwe n’iterambere rirambye ry’inganda, Kaolin izagira uruhare runini mu nzego nyinshi. Mu gihe kizaza, dutegereje kwagura uburyo Kaolin ikoreshwa binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse n’udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, kugera ku ikoreshwa ryiza kandi rirambye, no gutanga umusanzu mwinshi mu iterambere ry’umuryango w’abantu. Muri icyo gihe, tugomba kandi kwita ku bibazo by’ibidukikije bishobora kuvuka mu gihe cyo gucukura no gutunganya Kaolin, no gufata ingamba zifatika kugira ngo iterambere ry’umutungo wa Kaolin rihuzwe neza no kurengera ibidukikije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2024