Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ibihugu by’amahanga byatangiye kwiga ikoranabuhanga ryunguka kandi ryagize intambwe ishimishije, nka GunsonSortex mu Bwongereza na Outo-kumpu muri Finlande.na RTZOreSorters, nibindi, byateje imbere kandi bibyara ubwoko burenga icumi bwinganda zamafoto yinganda, imashini zikoresha radio, nibindi, kandi byashyizwe mubikorwa muburyo bwo gutondekanya ibyuma bidafite fer hamwe nibyuma byagaciro, ariko kubera igiciro kinini, gutondeka neza, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ni buto, kandi bugarukira mukuzamura no gusaba.
Ugereranije n’ibihugu by’amahanga, ubushakashatsi bwikoranabuhanga bujyanye nigihugu cyanjye bwatangiye bitinze, kandi ubushakashatsi buragufi.Mu 2000, imashini zimwe zo gutondeka nazo zagaragaye kumasoko yimbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane gutondekanya amabara, gutondekanya infragre, gutandukanya amashanyarazi, nibindi, nibindi, ahanini bikoreshwa mugutondekanya ingano, ibiryo, icyayi, imiti, ibikoresho fatizo bya chimique, impapuro, ikirahure, gutondagura imyanda nizindi nganda, ariko kubutare bwagaciro kandi budasanzwe nka zahabu, isi idasanzwe, umuringa, tungsten, amakara, ubutare bwicyuma cya magneti, nibindi ntibishobora gutoranywa neza no gutabwa mbere, cyane cyane mubikoresho byumye byumye mbere yo gutoranya ibikoresho byo guta umurizo biracyari ubusa.
Kugeza ubu, ibirombe byo mu rugo ntibifite ibikoresho byihariye byo kubanza kujugunya amabuye y'agaciro ya magnetiki adakomeye, amabuye y'agaciro adafite ferrous, n'ibindi, ahanini bishingiye ku buryo bw'umwimerere bwo gutondeka intoki n'uburyo bwo gutandukanya magneti, kandi ingano yo gutandukanya ni rusange muri rusange. hagati ya 20 na 150 mm.Imbaraga nyinshi nigiciro kinini.Kumabuye y'agaciro afite itandukaniro rito muburyo bugaragara, amabara, imiterere, n'ubucucike bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'imyanda, gutondeka neza ni bike, ikosa ni rinini, kandi bimwe ntibishobora gutandukanywa.Kuri magnetite, uburyo bwo gutandukanya magnetique burashobora gukoreshwa muguterera umurizo, ariko kubutare bufite imbaraga za magnetique zidafite imbaraga, amabuye y'icyuma adafite ferrous, nibindi, ikosa ryo gutandukana ni rinini, imikorere yo gutandukana ni mike, kandi hariho gutakaza cyane umutungo. .
Imashini ikora sensor yubwenge ikwiranye no gutondekanya amabuye hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kugabanuka kwamabuye mbisi hamwe ningaruka nziza yo gutandukanya urutare ruzengurutse hamwe nubutare bwingirakamaro nyuma yo kumenagura.
01
Kugabanya urwego rwaciwe na mine bihwanye no kwagura inganda zamabuye y'agaciro;
02
Mugabanye ikiguzi cyo gusya no kunguka;
03
Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya sisitemu burashobora kunozwa mugihe ibikoresho byambere byo gusya bidahindutse;
04
Kunoza amanota yatoranijwe bifasha gutezimbere no kuzamura ireme ryibintu no kugabanya ibiciro byo gushonga;
05
Mugabanye ububiko bwimirizo inoze neza, kugabanya umusaruro no gufata neza ibyuzi byumurizo, no kunoza umutekano mukarere ka kigega.
Dufate nk'ibirombe bya zahabu nk'urugero: kuri ubu, igihugu cyanjye kigaragaza ko zahabu ari toni 15.000.000.000, ikaza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi, hamwe na buri mwaka umusaruro wa zahabu urenga toni zirenga 360, ububiko bwa zahabu bugera kuri 60%, kandi ugereranije urwego rwo kubitsa amabuye agera kuri 5%.Hafi ya g / t, ubutare bwa zahabu butare bugera kuri toni miliyari 3.Yabaye igihugu kinini ku isi gitanga zahabu.Nyamara, gahunda yo kunguka zahabu mugihugu cyanjye iracyafite gahunda ya flotation-yibanda kuri cyanidation.Nta buryo bwiza bwo guta umurizo mbere yo guhonyora no gusya.Imirimo yo kumenagura, gusya no guhinduranya ni nini, kandi ikiguzi cyo kugenerwa gikomeza kuba kinini.Igipimo cyo gutakaza amabuye y'agaciro kirenga 5%, igipimo cyo kugarura inyungu no gushonga ni 90%, ikiguzi cyo kugenerwa ni kinini, kugarura umutungo ni muke, no kurengera ibidukikije ni bibi.
Nyuma yo kujugunywa mbere yo gutondekanya ibyumviro byubwenge, urutare rwatoranijwe rushobora kugera kuri 50-80% byamabuye y'agaciro yatoranijwe, bikungahaza urwego rwatoranijwe rwa zahabu inshuro 3-5, kandi bikagabanya umubare w abakozi bakora muruganda rwambarwa 15 -20%, 25-30% kwiyongera mumyanda yajugunywe hamwe na 10-15% mugukora ibyuma.
Igiciro cyo kumenagura no gusya gishobora gukizwa hejuru ya 50%, ingano yimiti ihindagurika irashobora kugabanuka hejuru ya 50%, umusaruro uratera imbere cyane, agaciro kongeye gukoresha imyanda iratera imbere, kwangiza ibidukikije bigabanuka , kandi inyungu zubukungu zateye imbere cyane.
Ingano yubunini bwurwego rwubwenge rutondekanya rushobora kugera kuri 1mm kugeza 300mm, kandi sensor irashobora kumenya ibice 40.000 byamabuye kumasegonda.Bifata ms nkeya kuri buri gice cyamabuye kuva mugushakisha ibyuma byakira kugeza kubitondekanya byabonetse kubikorwa.Bifata ms nkeya kugirango module yo gutera inshinge irangire.Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutunganya imashini imwe burashobora kugera kuri 400 t / h, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bimwe bushobora kugera kuri toni miliyoni 3 kumwaka, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nubunini bwikirombe giciriritse kandi kinini.
Ibikoresho byubwenge bikoresha ibikoresho birashobora guhindura software byoroshye kandi bigashyiraho uburyo bwo gutondekanya imbuga za interineti, kandi bigasubiza ihindagurika ryubwiza nubwinshi bwamabuye y'agaciro mugihe, bidashobora kugerwaho kubikoresho gakondo byo gutondeka.Mu gihe amabuye mbisi ageze kurwego runaka rwo gutandukana. murwego rwo kumenagura, kabone niyo yaba ari urwego rwo gutandukanya urutare cyangwa agatsiko gakikije, cyangwa intumbero ya nyuma ikorwa mu buryo butaziguye, ikoreshwa cyane mu bucukuzi bw'ibyuma bitandukanye (ubutare bwa magnetiki cyangwa imbaraga za rukuruzi zidafite imbaraga, umuringa, isasu, Mbere yo gutoranya no guta imyanda ya zinc, nikel, tungsten, molybdenum, amabati, isi idasanzwe, zahabu, nibindi), amakara namabuye y'agaciro nka talc, fluorite, calcium karubone, dolomite, calcite, apatite, nibindi. ingano yibitekerezo byinjira mubikorwa byakurikiyeho iragabanuka cyane, kandi amanota aratera imbere, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gusya no kugirira akamaro.Ingirakamaro ya sensor yubwenge ntagereranywa numucogutondekanya intoki, gutandukanya magnetiki, no gutandukanya amashanyarazi muburyo bwo kumenya neza, umuvuduko wo gusubiza, gukora neza, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya.Ubwenge bwo gutondekanya ubwenge ni uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwerekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya digitale, kandi ryabaye icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere ryamabuye y'agaciro mbere yo gutoranya.
Amabuye y'agaciro y'Ubushinwa ahanini ni amabuye y'agaciro, kandi ubushobozi bwo kubika ni bunini.Uburyo bwo guta imyanda hakiri kare, kunoza imikorere yo gusya no kunguka nyuma, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kugenerwa inyungu, no gusubiza byimazeyo ibisabwa muri rusange byigihugu "kubaka amabuye y'agaciro na mine yicyatsi", bizaba impinduka byanze bikunze muri iterambere ryinganda zigihugu zicukura amabuye y'agaciro.Kubwibyo, guteza imbere ibikoresho byo gutondekanya ubwenge bikwiranye namabuye y'agaciro biri hafi, kandi ibyiringiro byisoko bizaba binini cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-25-2022