Kuva mu myaka ya za 90, ibihugu by’amahanga byatangiye kwiga ikoranabuhanga ryunguka ryunguka kandi ryateye intambwe ishimishije, nka GunsonSortex mubwongereza na Outo-kumpu muri Finlande. na RTZOreSorters, nibindi, byateje imbere kandi bitanga ubwoko burenga icumi bwinganda zamafoto yinganda zikoresha amashanyarazi, imashini zikoresha radiyo, nibindi, kandi zashyizwe mubikorwa muburyo bwo gutondekanya ibyuma bidafite fer hamwe nibyuma byagaciro, ariko kubera igiciro kinini, gutondekanya neza, ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ni buto, kandi bugarukira mukuzamura no gusaba.
Ugereranije n’ibihugu by’amahanga, ubushakashatsi bujyanye n’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu cyanjye bwatangiye bitinze, kandi ubushakashatsi ni buke. Ahagana mu 2000, imashini zimwe zo gutondeka nazo zagaragaye ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, cyane cyane gutondekanya amabara, gutondekanya infragre, gutondekanya amashanyarazi, n'ibindi, ahanini bikoreshwa mugutondekanya ingano, ibiryo, icyayi, ubuvuzi, ibikoresho fatizo byimiti, impapuro, ikirahure, gutondagura imyanda nizindi nganda, ariko kubutare bwagaciro kandi budasanzwe nka zahabu, isi idasanzwe, umuringa, tungsten, amakara, amabuye y'icyuma ya magneti, nibindi ntibishobora gutoranywa neza no gutabwa hakiri kare, cyane cyane mubikoresho byumye byumye mbere yo gutoranya umurizo ibikoresho biracyari ubusa.
Kugeza ubu, ibirombe byo mu rugo ntibifite ibikoresho byihariye byo kubanza kujugunya amabuye y'agaciro ya magnetiki adakomeye, amabuye y'agaciro adafite ferrous, n'ibindi, ahanini bishingiye ku buryo bw'umwimerere bwo gutondekanya intoki n'uburyo bwo gutandukanya magneti, kandi ingano yo gutandukanya ibice muri rusange hagati ya mm 20 na 150. Imbaraga nyinshi nigiciro kinini. Amabuye y'agaciro afite itandukaniro rito mumabara agaragara, akayangana, imiterere, n'ubucucike bw'amabuye n'imyanda, gutondeka neza ni bike, ikosa ni rinini, kandi bimwe ntibishobora gutandukanywa. Kuri magnetite, uburyo bwo gutandukanya magnetique burashobora gukoreshwa muguterera umurizo, ariko kubutare bufite imiterere ya magnetiki idakomeye, ubutare bwicyuma butagira ferrous, nibindi, ikosa ryo gutandukana ni rinini, imikorere yo gutandukana ni mike, kandi hariho gutakaza cyane umutungo .
Imashini ikora sensor yubwenge ikwiranye nogutunganya amabuye hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo kugabanuka kwamabuye mbisi ningaruka nziza yo gutandukana hagati yigitare gikikije amabuye y'agaciro nyuma yo kumenagura.
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Kugabanya urwego rwaciwe na mine bihwanye no kwagura inganda zamabuye y'agaciro;
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Kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gusya no kunguka;
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Ubushobozi bwo gutunganya sisitemu burashobora kunozwa mugihe ibikoresho byambere byo gusya bidahinduka;
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Kunoza icyiciro cyatoranijwe bifasha gutezimbere no kuzamura ireme ryibintu no kugabanya ibiciro byo gushonga;
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Mugabanye ububiko bwimirizo inoze neza, kugabanya umusaruro nogutunganya ibyuzi byubudozi, no kunoza umutekano mukarere ka kigega.
Dufate nk'ibirombe bya zahabu nk'urugero: kuri ubu, igihugu cyanjye cyagaragaye ko gifite zahabu ni toni 15.000.000.000, kiza ku mwanya wa karindwi ku isi, aho buri mwaka umusaruro wa zahabu urenga toni zirenga 360, ububiko bwa zahabu butare bugera kuri 60%, kandi ugereranije urwego rwo kubitsa amabuye agera kuri 5%. Hafi ya g / t, ubutare bwa zahabu butare bugera kuri toni miliyari 3. Yabaye izahabu nini ku isi ikora zahabu. Nyamara, gahunda yo kunguka zahabu mugihugu cyanjye iracyafite inzira gakondo ya flotation-yibanda kuri cyanidation. Nta buryo bwiza bwo guta umurizo mbere yo guhonyora no gusya. Imirimo yo guhonyora, gusya no guhinduranya ni nini, kandi ikiguzi cyo kugenerwa gikomeza kuba kinini. Igipimo cy’igihombo cy’amabuye y'agaciro kirenga 5%, igipimo cyo kugarura inyungu no gushonga ni 90%, ikiguzi cyo kugenerwa ni kinini, igipimo cyo kugaruza umutungo kiri hasi, kandi kurengera ibidukikije ni bibi.
Nyuma yo kujugunywa mbere na sensor yubwenge itondekanya, urutare rwatoranijwe rushobora kuba rufite 50-80% byamabuye y'agaciro yatoranijwe, bikungahaza urwego rwa zahabu rwatoranijwe inshuro 3-5, kandi bikagabanya umubare w abakozi mu ruganda rwambarwa 15 -20%, 25-30% byiyongera mumyanda yajugunywe hamwe na 10-15% mubikorwa byibyuma.
Igiciro cyo kumenagura no gusya gishobora gukizwa hejuru ya 50%, ingano ya flotation yimiti ikurikira irashobora kugabanuka hejuru ya 50%, umusaruro ukorwa neza cyane, kongera gukoresha agaciro k’imyanda iratera imbere, kwangiza ibidukikije bikagabanuka , kandi inyungu zubukungu zateye imbere cyane.
Ingano yubunini bwurwego rwubwenge bukurikirana irashobora kugera kuri 1mm kugeza 300mm, kandi sensor irashobora kumenya ibice 40.000 byamabuye kumasegonda. Ifata ms nkeya kuri buri gice cyamabuye kuva mugushakisha sensor yakira kugeza kumurongo wo gutondekanya wabonye na actuator. Bifata ms nkeya kugirango module yo gutera inshinge irangire. Ubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gutunganya imashini imwe burashobora kugera kuri 400 t / h, kandi ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibikoresho bimwe bushobora kugera kuri toni miliyoni 3 kumwaka, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nubunini bwa kirombe giciriritse kandi kinini.
Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gutondekanya ibyuma byubwenge birashobora guhindura byoroshye software no kugena uburyo bwo gutondekanya imbuga za interineti, kandi bigasubiza ihindagurika ryubwiza nubwinshi bwamabuye y'agaciro mugihe, bidashobora kugerwaho kubikoresho gakondo byo gutondeka.Mu gihe amabuye mbisi ageze kurwego runaka rwo gutandukana. murwego rwo kumenagura, kabone niyo yaba ari urwego rwo gutandukanya urutare cyangwa agatsiko gakikije, cyangwa intumbero ya nyuma ikorwa mu buryo butaziguye, ikoreshwa cyane mu bucukuzi bw'ibyuma bitandukanye (ubutare butari magnetique cyangwa intege nke za rukuruzi, umuringa, isasu, Mbere yo gutoranya no guta imyanda ya zinc, nikel, tungsten, molybdenum, amabati, isi idasanzwe, zahabu, nibindi), amakara nubutare butari ubutare nka talc, fluorite, calcium karubone, dolomite, calcite, apatite, nibindi. ingano ya coarse yibanze yibikorwa byakurikiyeho iragabanuka cyane, kandi amanota aratera imbere, ibyo bikaba bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyo gusya no kugirira akamaro.Ingirakamaro ya sensor yubwenge ntagereranywa no gutondekanya intoki gakondo, gutandukanya magneti, no gutandukanya amafoto yumuriro muburyo bwo kumenya ubunyangamugayo, umuvuduko wo gusubiza, gutondeka neza, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutunganya. Ubwenge bwa sensing sorting ni uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwerekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya digitale, kandi ryabaye icyerekezo nyamukuru cyiterambere cyamabuye y'agaciro mbere yo gutoranya.
Amabuye y'agaciro y'Ubushinwa ahanini ni amabuye y'agaciro, kandi ubushobozi bwo kubika ni bunini. Uburyo bwo guta imyanda hakiri kare, kunoza imikorere yo gusya no kunguka nyuma, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kugenerwa inyungu, no gusubiza byimazeyo ibisabwa muri rusange igihugu gisaba "kubaka ibirombe byubwenge n’ibirombe byatsi", bizaba impinduka byanze bikunze muri iterambere ry'inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro. Kubwibyo, iterambere ryibikoresho byo gutondeka byubwenge bikwiranye namabuye y'agaciro biri hafi, kandi ibyiringiro byisoko bizaba binini cyane.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-25-2022